çekim: geçmiş απαγόρευσα · ortaç έχοντας απαγορεύσει · şimdiki απαγορεύει · ulaç απαγορεύοντας
köken: From Ancient Greek ἀπᾰγορεύω. Morphologically, from απ- (απο-) (ap- (apo-), “reversal/negation”) + αγορεύω (agorévo, “make a speech”). From the ancient ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (ăgorā́).
to say no, to deny, to reject (to reject something) [with genitive ‘what’] · to deny, to refuse (to refuse to give, grant, or recognize something to someone) [with genitive ‘what’] · to say grace, to say a prayer; to recite
to prevent, forestall, preclude, avert · to prevent, stop, keep, hinder, obstruct, impede, block someone · to block (on social media)
çekim: geçmiş estänyt · şimdiki estäisi · ulaç estävä
köken: Unclear; possibly from e- (“not”) + -stää (with an original sense of “to make not be, to make cease”), or alternatively esi- (“fore”) + -tää (with an original sense of “to block by putting something in front”). Cognate with Karelian esteä.
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. According to Samuel Martin, appears to be a fusion of kopa-, the stem of adjective 強し (kopasi, “stiff, hard”) + 阻む (habamu, “to obstruct, prevent, thwart”). However, the term habamu is not attested until 830, while related intransitive term 憚る (habakaru, “to be put off, to be deterred, to hesitate”) is attested since 720.