nowadays the most common suffix to create a diminutive form
köken: From Middle High German -echen, -ichen, from Old High German *-ihīn, *-uhīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn. Native to the Central German dialects, -chen has widely replaced the southern-based -lein in standard usage. Cognate with German Low German -ken, -ke as well as Dutch -tje and -ken. More at -kin.
used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity · used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship · used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions
köken: From Proto-Turkic *-lik. Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).
Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun or adjective denoting a property or state of being. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun denoting a group or compendium of things. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun with a broader, generalized meaning.
Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion
köken: * From Ancient Greek -τητᾰ (-tētă), the accusative form of -της (-tēs). * In post-Classical and Modern Greek, inherited formations in -της (-tēs) were reanalyzed as containing a productive abstract-noun suffix -ότητα (-ótēta); e.g. ἰδιότης (idiótēs) → ἰδιότητα (idiótita).
köken: From Old Swedish -aktogher, borrowed from Middle Low German -achtig, from -haftich (see German -haft). Cognate to Danish -agtig, Dutch -achtig, German -haft.
suffix forming feminine equivalents from masculine nouns · suffix forming diminutive nouns from masculine nouns
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-Iranian *i- Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas Sanskrit -इक (-ika) Sanskrit -इका (-ikā) Prakrit -इया (-iyā) ▲ Sanskrit -ई (-ī)influ. Hindi -ई Inherited from Old Hindi -ई (-ī), from Prakrit -इया (-iyā), -ई (-ī), from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā), -ई (-ī) and also influenced by Sanskrit -ई (-ī). Doublet of -इका (-ikā). See -इयाँ (-iyā̃),…
Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative. · Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun. · Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
haj (“hair”) + -as → hajas (“covered with hair”)
fazék (“pot”) + -as → fazekas (“potter”)
három (“three”) + -as → hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)
köken: From substantivisation of the feminine of the adjectival suffix -ius, from Proto-Italic *-(i)jos. Compare -ium as a noun-forming suffix. Occasionally from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ία (-ía) and -εια (-eia), and so ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂.
Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; function is similar to -ty and -ness.
köken: From Old Danish -het, from Middle Low German -heit, from Old Saxon -hēd. Cognate with Norwegian -het, Swedish -het, German -heit, Dutch -heid and English -hood.
köken: Latinism, learned borrowing from Latin -itās. * Displaced Dutch borrowings -itet and -iteit. Coined by Indonesian politician Mohammad Yamin between 1953 and 1955, to mediate difference of 2 schools how to Indonesianise Dutch -iteit; there were two different opinions put forward -itet and -itit.
Usually added to foreign adjectives to form abstract nouns, like English -ity (sometimes with more concrete meanings: e.g., universitāte).
köken: Ultimately from Latin -itatem, the accusative of -itas; found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English -ity, German -ität, French -ité, Italian -ità, Spanish -idad, Portuguese -idade, Romanian -itate).
Etimoloji
From Proto-Finnic *-uc ~ *-uuc; traditionally it has been argued that the short vowel is original, and that the development of the suffix has been significantly influenced by analogy (see details below); however, a long vowel has also been proposed as primary. Analogical developments of the declension, based on SKRK * The oblique plural forms originally declined like those of the käsi type, but…