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-ство

/ stwɔ/

UKRAYNACA → TR

Ukraynaca "-ство" kelimesi Türkçe'de -lik, -lık, -luk, -lük anlamına gelir.

Çeviri

Genel-lik

Genel-lık

Genel-luk

Genel-lük

Tanım

•Suffix added to nouns and adjectives to create an abstract noun, corresponding to English -ness, -hood, -dom.

Diğer Dillerde

Almanca-heit , -keit , -nis (dişil) /-haɪ̯t/

Converts concrete nouns into abstract nouns

köken: From Middle High German -heit, from Old High German -heit, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“personality, character, manner, way”). Cognate with Dutch -heid, English -hood, Danish -hed.

schön (“beautiful”) + -heit → Schönheit (“beauty”)

neu (“new”) + -heit → Neuheit (“novelty”)

Kind (“child”) + -heit → Kindheit (“childhood”)

Fransızca-esse , -ité (dişil) /ɛs/

used to form nouns describing the condition of being something (-ness, -ity, etc.)

köken: Inherited from Old French -ece, from Latin -itia. The modern spelling is due to a phonetic merger with etymology 2; see below. Related to -ise.

İspanyolca-idad (dişil) /iˈdad/

alternative form of -dad

köken: Learned borrowing from Latin -itātem. Doublet of -edad.

conductivo (“conductive”) + -idad → conductividad (“conductivity”)

fácil (“easy”) + -idad → facilidad (“ease”)

İtalyanca-ezza , -ità /ˈet.t͡sa/

added to adjectives to form abstract nouns; -ity; -ness

köken: Inherited from Latin -itia, whence also Italian -izia, a borrowed doublet. Cognate with Sicilian -izza.

alto (“high, tall”) + -ezza → altezza (“height”)

stanco (“tired”) + -ezza → stanchezza (“tiredness”)

Rusça-ность , -ость , -ство , -щи́на

Suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives. A less productive alternative to -ость (-ostʹ), except after щ, where it is the regular suffix. · Suffix forming nouns with the meaning of a group of things characterized by the quality designated by the adjectives from which the nouns are formed. · Suffix forming nouns of various sorts from miscellaneous parts of speech.

köken: Probably originated from the suffix -ость (-ostʹ) added to words ending in -ный (-nyj), and was then extracted by rebracketing as a productive suffix. The same thing happened with e.g. -тельный (-telʹnyj) and English -ness.

гото́вый (gotóvyj, “ready”) → гото́вность (gotóvnostʹ, “readiness”) (no such word *гото́вный exists, making it a special case.)

о́бщий (óbščij, “general, common”) → о́бщность (óbščnostʹ, “generality, community”) (no such word *о́бщный exists)

живо́й (živój, “living”) → жи́вность (žívnostʹ, “small creatures collectively”)

Arapçaـِيَّة

Azerice-lik /liç/

used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity · used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship · used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions

köken: From Proto-Turkic *-lik. Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).

gözəl (“beautiful”) + -lik → gözəllik (“beauty”)

ölməz (“immortal”) + -lik → ölməzlik (“immortality”)

boş (“empty”) + -lik → boşluq (“emptiness”)

Felemenkçe-heid , -nis , -schap /ɦɛi̯t/

-ness, -ity, -hood; forms nouns from adjectives, denoting the abstract quality of the adjective.

köken: From Middle Dutch -heit, from Old Dutch -heit, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Cognate with German -heit, English -hood.

Portekizce-ez , -eza , -idade , -idão (dişil) /ˈe(j)s/

-ness (appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of ...", "the quality of ...", or "the measure of ...")

köken: Likely borrowed from Spanish -ez, from Latin -itiem. Doublet of -ice.

Yunanca-ότητα (dişil) /ˈotita/

Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion

köken: * From Ancient Greek -τητᾰ (-tētă), the accusative form of -της (-tēs). * In post-Classical and Modern Greek, inherited formations in -της (-tēs) were reanalyzed as containing a productive abstract-noun suffix -ότητα (-ótēta); e.g. ἰδιότης (idiótēs) → ἰδιότητα (idiótita).

aile: -της

αυστηρός (afstirós, “strict”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → αυστηρότητα (afstirótita, “strictness”)

βέβαιος (vévaios, “sure, certain”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → βεβαιότητα (vevaiótita, “certainty”)

εθνικός (ethnikós, “national”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → εθνικότητα (ethnikótita, “nationality”)

Japonca-さ , -性

İsveççe-het , -skap /ˌheːt/

Productive suffix giving an adjective a nounal meaning; -ness, -ity

köken: From Old Swedish -het, which is borrowed from Middle Low German -heit, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Cognate with Danish -hed, German -heit, Dutch -heid, English -hood.

nödvändig - nödvändighet (necessary - necessity)

Lehçe-ość , -stwo /ɔɕt͡ɕ/

appended to adjectives to form names of abstract concepts, especially feelings; -ness, -hood

eş: -ota

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis Proto-Slavic *-ostь Old Polish -ość Polish -ość Inherited from Old Polish -ość. Doublet of -oza.

dostępny + -ość → dostępność

Hintçe-ई /iː/

suffix forming feminine equivalents from masculine nouns · suffix forming diminutive nouns from masculine nouns

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-Iranian *i- Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas Sanskrit -इक (-ika) Sanskrit -इका (-ikā) Prakrit -इया (-iyā) ▲ Sanskrit -ई (-ī)influ. Hindi -ई Inherited from Old Hindi -ई (-ī), from Prakrit -इया (-iyā), -ई (-ī), from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā), -ई (-ī) and also influenced by Sanskrit -ई (-ī). Doublet of -इका (-ikā). See -इयाँ (-iyā̃),…

लड़का (laṛkā, “boy”) + -ई (-ī) → लड़की (laṛkī, “girl”)

कटोरा (kaṭorā, “bowl”) + -ई (-ī) → कटोरी (kaṭorī, “little bowl, cup”)

Fince-us , -uus , -ys , -yys

Forms nouns from verbs, describing an action, event or a result of that action.

köken: From Proto-Finnic *-us, partly equivalent to -u + -s, and partly generalized from -s-derivatives of u-stem verbs (e.g. ihastua → ihastus, menestyä → menestys). Compare -os.

kuvata (“to describe”) + -us → kuvaus (“description”)

pakata (“to pack”) + -us → pakkaus (“package”)

ylentää (“to promote”) + -us → ylennys (“promotion”)

Çekçe-ost (dişil) / ost/

-ness: from adjectives, forms nouns indicating a property

köken: Inherited from Old Czech -ost, from Proto-Slavic *-ostь; compare Old Church Slavonic -ость (-ostĭ).

Rumence-ătate , -itate , -tate (dişil) /əˈta.te/

alternative form of -tate (“-ity”)

köken: Inherited from Latin -itātem, accusative of -itās. Doublet of -itate.

Macarca-ság , -ség /ʃaːɡ/

-dom, -ness, -ity, -ship. Added to an adjective, noun or verb to form an abstract noun.

boldog (“happy”) + -ság → boldogság (“happiness”)

barát (“friend”) + -ság → barátság (“friendship”)

kíván (“to wish”) + -ság → kívánság (“a wish”)

İbranice־וּת

Latince-tās

Danca-hed , -skab

Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; function is similar to -ty and -ness.

köken: From Old Danish -het, from Middle Low German -heit, from Old Saxon -hēd. Cognate with Norwegian -het, Swedish -het, German -heit, Dutch -heid and English -hood.

venlig - venlighed (friendly - friendliness)

Norveççe-het , -skap

Endonezceke- -an /kə an/

-ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)" · -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. · -dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.

köken: Inherited from Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Malayic *kə- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏ- -ꦲꦤ꧀ (ka- -han) for sense of too [base] or exceed.

kebaratan

ketimuran

kebesaran

Vietnamcaniềm , nỗi , sự /niəm˨˩/

feeling; sentiment (usually a positive one, cf. nỗi)

köken: Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 念 (“feeling; sentiment”, SV: niệm).

aile: niềm nở, niềm riêng, nỗi niềm

niềm vui

niềm tin

niềm đau

Slovakça-osť /ɔsc/

a suffix, akin to -ness

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis Proto-Slavic *-ostь Slovak -osť Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ostь.

Taycaความ , ภาพ /kʰwaːm˧/

affair; matter · content; essence · text, message, passage; version, edition

köken: From Proto-Tai *ɣwaːmᴬ (“matter”). Cognate with Southern Thai ขว่าม, Isan ความ, Lao ຄວາມ (khuām), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾ, Khün ᨣ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lü ᦩᦱᧄ (xwaam) or ᦨᦱᧄ (kwaam), Tai Dam ꪁꪫꪱꪣ, Tai Dón ꪅꪱꪣ, Shan ၵႂၢမ်း (kwáam), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥛᥰ (xäam), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ) or 𑜁𑜨𑜪 (khoṃ), Zhuang vamz.

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Galiçyaca-idade (dişil)

forms nouns, from adjectives, indicating the state, property or quality of conforming to the adjective’s description; -ity; -ness; -hood

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Latin -itātem Old Galician-Portuguese -idade Galician -idade Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -idade, from Latin -itātem.

auténtico (“authentic”) + -idade → autenticidade (“authenticity”)

Galce-rwydd /rʊɨ̯ð/

forming abstract nouns, -ness, -ment

köken: From Proto-Celtic *reidom (“ride”), semantically bleached into an abstract suffix.

sicr (“certain”) + -rwydd → sicrwydd (“certainty”)

hapus (“happy”) + -rwydd → hapusrwydd (“happiness”)

amherffaith (“imperfect”) + -rwydd → amherffeithrwydd (“imperfection”)

Etimoloji

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tusder. Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo Ukrainian -ство Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.

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