köken: From Middle High German -heit, from Old High German -heit, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“personality, character, manner, way”). Cognate with Dutch -heid, English -hood, Danish -hed.
Suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives. A less productive alternative to -ость (-ostʹ), except after щ, where it is the regular suffix. · Suffix forming nouns with the meaning of a group of things characterized by the quality designated by the adjectives from which the nouns are formed. · Suffix forming nouns of various sorts from miscellaneous parts of speech.
köken: Probably originated from the suffix -ость (-ostʹ) added to words ending in -ный (-nyj), and was then extracted by rebracketing as a productive suffix. The same thing happened with e.g. -тельный (-telʹnyj) and English -ness.
гото́вый (gotóvyj, “ready”) → гото́вность (gotóvnostʹ, “readiness”) (no such word *гото́вный exists, making it a special case.)
о́бщий (óbščij, “general, common”) → о́бщность (óbščnostʹ, “generality, community”) (no such word *о́бщный exists)
Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun or adjective denoting a property or state of being. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun denoting a group or compendium of things. · Appended to a noun or adjective to form a new noun with a broader, generalized meaning.
-ness, -ity, -hood; forms nouns from adjectives, denoting the abstract quality of the adjective.
köken: From Middle Dutch -heit, from Old Dutch -heit, from Proto-West Germanic *-haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Cognate with German -heit, English -hood.
Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion
köken: * From Ancient Greek -τητᾰ (-tētă), the accusative form of -της (-tēs). * In post-Classical and Modern Greek, inherited formations in -της (-tēs) were reanalyzed as containing a productive abstract-noun suffix -ότητα (-ótēta); e.g. ἰδιότης (idiótēs) → ἰδιότητα (idiótita).
köken: First from Proto-Italic *-itāts and *-otāts, i.e. -tās added to i-stems or o-stems, later used freely. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.
Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; function is similar to -ty and -ness.
köken: From Old Danish -het, from Middle Low German -heit, from Old Saxon -hēd. Cognate with Norwegian -het, Swedish -het, German -heit, Dutch -heid and English -hood.
köken: Latinism, learned borrowing from Latin -itās. * Displaced Dutch borrowings -itet and -iteit. Coined by Indonesian politician Mohammad Yamin between 1953 and 1955, to mediate difference of 2 schools how to Indonesianise Dutch -iteit; there were two different opinions put forward -itet and -itit.
köken: Sino-Vietnamese word from 時. Doublet of thì and giờ. Originally a Northern innovation. As a topic marker, thời has mostly been supplanted by thì spreading from the South.
aile: đồng thời, đương thời, hết thời, hợp thời, kịp thời, lâm thời, lỗi thời, nhất thời, sanh thời, sinh thời
Có thời ngày nào tôi cũng ra ruộng bắt dế, thả diều với lũ bạn.
suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or a state. Corresponding to English -hood or -ness
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tusder. Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo Slovak -stvo Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo.
Usually added to foreign adjectives to form abstract nouns, like English -ity (sometimes with more concrete meanings: e.g., universitāte).
köken: Ultimately from Latin -itatem, the accusative of -itas; found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English -ity, German -ität, French -ité, Italian -ità, Spanish -idad, Portuguese -idade, Romanian -itate).
forms nouns, from adjectives, indicating the state, property or quality of conforming to the adjective’s description; -ity; -ness; -hood
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Latin -itātem Old Galician-Portuguese -idade Galician -idade Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -idade, from Latin -itātem.