köken: From Middle High German arc, from Old High German arg. Compare Hunsrik aarich, Pennsylvania German arrig, Central Franconian ärch, and Dutch erg. Also etymologically linked is English eerie.
hard, tough (difficult to penetrate) · hard (not soft) · hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
çekim: çoğul durs
köken: Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus.
aile: à la dure, avoir la peau dure, avoir la vie dure, croire dur comme fer, disque dur, drogue dure, dur à cuire, dur de la feuille, dur d’oreille, dur en affaires
sharp, tart (taste) · sour, pungent, bitter · rugged (terrain)
çekim: üstünlük asprissimo
eş: acerbo, acido, acre, agro, amaro, asprigno
köken: From Latin asperum (“rough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”). Compare Spanish and Portuguese áspero (“rough”), French âpre, Romanian aspru.
caustic (capable of burning, corroding or destroying organic tissue) · caustic (sharp, bitter, cutting, biting, and sarcastic in a scathing way)
köken: Learned borrowing from Koine Greek καυστικός (kaustikós) and from French caustique, from Latin causticus, from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós).