[with dative] on, upon (positioned at the top of) · [with accusative] on, onto, up (moving to the top of) · [with accusative] on (indicating responsibility)
eş: bei, zu, für
köken: From Middle High German ūf, from Old High German ūf, from Proto-Germanic *upp. This form with a lengthened vowel is originally Upper German. Central German forms were Middle High German uf and (western) up. Compare Dutch op, Low German op, Luxembourgish op, English up.
Como (a city and comune, the capital of the province of Como, Lombardy) · Como (a province of Lombardy, Italy) · a number of places in the United States:
eş: en modalidad de
köken: Inherited from Old Spanish commo, from Latin cōmō̆, a non-literary form of quōmodo (“how”). Cognate with Catalan com, Italian come and French comme.
to, towards in time, space, consequence, purpose etc. · according to, in accordance with
çekim: karşılaştırma naarder · üstünlük naarst
köken: From earlier naer, from Middle Dutch nâer, from Old Dutch *nār, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhuriʀ(ō), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz. Originally the comparative of na, which is in Modern Dutch nader. Compare also English near, Swedish nära and när, and Danish & Norwegian nær and når.
until (up to the time of something happening) · by (at some point before the given time) · to (all the way to a place)
eş: inté
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese até, ata of uncertain origin. Possibly from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā), Latin ad ista (“to this”) or Latin ad tenus (“as far as”) (>"ad tenes"), which explain the large number of mediaeval variants (atrõe, atée, atrõo, attaa, atẽe, atães, tẽe and so on). However, considering the rarity of tenus, possibly from Latin intrā. Compare Spanish hasta, Leonese ata,…
aile: até a próxima, até breve, até já, até mais, até mais ver, até mesmo, até parece, até que, até-logo
A aula dura até às dez horas.
Das duas uma, ou eu parava e me deixava ser capturado, ou eu continuava fugindo até encontrar algum buraco para me esconder.
to, for · Indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal) · as, for (in the function or role specified)
köken: From Proto-Uralic *nä (“this”) + Proto-Uralic *-k or Proto-Uralic *-ŋ (“lative suffix”). Compare Proto-Finnic *-k (“forming lative adverbs”).
toward, to · up to (indicating direction upwards) · near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
köken: From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at. The accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.
aile: ad absurdum, ad amussim, ad arma, ad astra, ad hoc, ad hominem, ad infinitum, ad kalendas Graecas, ad libitum, ad nauseam
Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.
Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.
to give · to let; to make; to cause · to let; to allow; to permit
köken: From Proto-Vietic *cəː; cognate with Arem cʌː. Most prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”).
aile: cho biết, cho hay, cho phép, cho thấy, để cho