synonym of Peitsche (“whip”) · scourge (whip used for flagellation) · scourge (persistent source of harm, especially when seen as divine punishment)
çekim: çoğul Geißeln · tamlayan Geißeln
eş: Bakteriengeißel, Flagellum
köken: From Middle High German geisel(e), from Old High German geisila (“whip”). Cognate with Dutch gesel. The spelling with -ß- reflects sporadic devoicing; compare the frequent pronunciations of niesen or Preiselbeere. Its use for distinguishing between Geißel and Geisel (“hostage”) is an arbitrary convention, which fully established itself only around 1900. (The two words are not related but became…
aile: begeißelt, Geißel der Menschheit, Geißelhieb, geißeln
köken: From Middle Dutch gêssle, gêsele. The atypical -s-, rather than -z-, points at Old Dutch *gēsl(a), where the -s- was directly followed by the -l-, instead of by a vowel, blocking the s → z sound change, from Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz, from *gaizaz (“spear”) + *-ilaz (suffix deriving names of tools). The loss of the middle syllable was a common change among the Germanic languages, and can also be…
a scourge (whip) · a scourge (source of persistent trouble)
çekim: çoğul gissels · tamlayan gissels
eş: plåga, piska, spö, stav
köken: Old Swedish gisl and the older gesl, having feminine gender. Used in the 1541 Bible translation with the plural gisslar. Corresponding to Old Norse geisli, related to Old Norse geirr (“spear”), Old English ger (“spear”) and English gear. Cognates include Icelandic geisli, German Geißel, Dutch gesel.
köken: From Proto-Italic *wer(β/b)os, from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-os, from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-. Perhaps related to Lithuanian vir̃bas (“rod, twig, cane”), Proto-Slavic *vьrba (“willow”). According to Adams, the term may derive from the same root *werbʰ- (“to enclose”), whence also Tocharian B wārp- (“to surround”), though Kloekhorst considers the Latin cognates to be semantically distant.
Considered to derive from a -çık diminutive formation of Kipchak قمچی (kamçı), قمشی (kamşı), so a doublet of камчи́я (kamčíja) and камджи́я (kamdžíja, “whip”), forms that have come from Ottoman Turkish قامچی (kamçı), and probably hybridized into камши́я (kamšíja), камши́е (kamšíe).