köken: From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭮 (ps /pas/, “then, afterwards, behind”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎿𐎠 (p-s-a /pasā/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pasčáH, from Proto-Indo-European *pos-(sḱ)-kʷéh₁.
köken: From Proto-Common Turkic *kerü (“back”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰼𐰇 (kerü, “back, backward”); Kazakh кері (kerı), Kyrgyz кери (keri), Turkish geri (“back, backward”), etc.
to be self-righteous; to be stubborn; to be inflexible
köken: In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá). The verb was originally a phrase involving the adverb 고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí) "in a straight way; righteously" and Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”), thus "to act righteously". Early Hangul texts preserve this positive meaning. However, by the late sixteenth century, the verb had…
a purl stitch (as opposed to a knit stitch) · related to the wrong side of a fabric · backwards or inside out (wrongly oriented, especially of clothing)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ten- Proto-Indo-European *tn̥-eh₁-(ye)-tider. Proto-Italic *tenēō Latin teneō Latin -āx Latin tenāx From teneō (“to hold, grasp”) + -āx.
Ultimately from Iranian, such as Persian ترسا (tarsâ, “heretic; Christian or fire-worshiper”), doublet of tərsa. Etymology note According to Doerfer, this is plausible because the oldest sense found in Turkic texts was in religious contexts, too. Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ters, “adverse; difficult”), Chagatai ترس (trs), Turkish ters, Turkmen ters (“incorrect, uneven, inverse”),…