denotes location; under, underneath · denotes movement; to under, to underneath · denotes movement against; against
eş: pode, poniżej, przed
zıt: nad, ponad, na, z, spod
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa Proto-Slavic *po Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Slavic *podъ Old Polish pod Polish pod Inherited from Old Polish pod.
area (measure of the extent of a surface) · area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity) · field, discipline (specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice; e.g. in work or sciences)
çekim: çoğul alat · tamlayan alan
köken: From Proto-Finnic *ala; see ala- for more. Already in Finnic, this stem, originally meaning “lower, under” was repurposed as a noun meaning “underside, lower side”, whence “area”, whence the other senses like “domain”, “field”, “sector”.
under, below, underneath · in, in/over the course of (temporal)
köken: Lexicalization of al (“lower part”) + -tt (locative suffix). The root al- is from Proto-Uralic *ëla.
aile: alatta, alatti, a béka segge alatt, az uralma alatt, egy füst alatt, ég a keze alatt a munka, láb alatt van, maga alatt vágja a fát, alattvaló, azalatt
köken: From Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upó. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó). The usage with the accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, while with the ablative it is from both the locative, “under”, and the ablative, “from underneath”.