-tion
köken: From Latin -tiō.
Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
Suffix indicating the gerund of regular -ar verbs; i.e., the suffix -ing in English.
köken: From Latin -andus. Compare Italian, Portuguese -ando and Romanian -ând.
used with a stem to form the gerund of regular -are verbs
köken: From Latin -andus. Compare Spanish and Portuguese -ando and Romanian -ând.
🔊 laureare (“to graduate”) + -ando → laureando (“about to graduate (adjective); university student about to graduate (noun)”)
🔊 radice (“root (mathematics)”) + -ando → radicando (“expression under a root sign”, literally “that which is to be radicated”)
-ence, -ance, -tion, -ity, -ment, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)
köken: From -тель (-telʹ) + -ство (-stvo).
🔊 доказа́ть (dokazátʹ, “to prove”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → доказа́тельство (dokazátelʹstvo, “proof”)
🔊 обстоя́ть (obstojátʹ, “to be, to stand, to happen”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → обстоя́тельство (obstojátelʹstvo, “circumstance”)
🔊 пра́вить (právitʹ, “to rule, to govern”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → прави́тельство (pravítelʹstvo, “government”)
Third-person singular possessive suffix. · Marks third-person singular in the simple past of intransitive verbs.
köken: From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭 (-išn).
🔊 سوختش
Negative verbal suffix.
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-me.
Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof.
köken: Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.
gerund of -ar
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ando, from Latin -andum, forming the masculine singular future passive participle.
added to a verb form to create gerund nouns
🔊 τρέχω (trécho, “to run”) + -ιμο (-imo) → τρέξιμο (tréximo, “running”)
🔊 φταίω (ftaío, “to be at fault”) + -ιμο (-imo) → φταίξιμο (ftaíximo, “blame”)
🔊 σφάζω (sfázo, “to slaughter”) + -ιμο (-imo) → σφάξιμο (sfáximo, “slaughter”)
to take as a wife; to marry
çekim: geçmiş 娶った
köken: Compound of 女(め) (me, “woman”) + 取(と)る (toru, “to take”).
to, -ing, that...; derives verbal and adjectival substantives. · -ing, -ment, -tion; derives nouns from verbs and adjectives.
köken: From Middle Korean -기〮 (-kí) ~ -이〮 (-í). The suffix was rare in fifteenth-century Middle Korean (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 177), but came to increasingly displace -옴 (-wom).
🔊 아기들은 울기만 한다.
🔊 죽기는 쉽고 살기는 어렵다.
🔊 이 아이는 그림 그리기를 잘한다.
Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation; -ing
köken: Inherited from Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung.
🔊 Skåne (“Scania”) + -ing → skåning (“Scanian”)
🔊 Island (“Iceland”) + -ing → islänning (“Icelander”)
🔊 get (“goat”) + -ing → geting (“wasp”)
forms verbal nouns (gerunds) from verbs in conjugations: I, IX, Xb
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder. Proto-Slavic *-nь Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Proto-Slavic *-nьje Old Polish -anie Polish -anie Inherited from Old Polish -anie, from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
🔊 czytać + -anie → czytanie
🔊 mazać + -anie → mazanie
🔊 lać + -anie → lanie
Suffix used to form verbal nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ати (-aty) (alternatively -яти (-jaty)): -ing, -tion, -ence, -ance, -ment, etc.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Ukrainian -а^((ти)) (-a⁽ᵗʸ⁾) Proto-Slavic *-n- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Ukrainian -ння (-nnja)…
🔊 гарантува́ти impf or pf (harantuváty, “to guarantee”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → гарантува́ння (harantuvánnja, “guaranteeing”)
🔊 покара́ти pf (pokaráty, “to punish”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → покара́ння (pokaránnja, “punishment”)
🔊 підтри́мати pf (pidtrýmaty, “to support”) + -ання (-annja) → підтри́мання (pidtrýmannja, “support(ing)”)
to marry, get married · to arrange a marriage
çekim: geçmiş ब्याहता · şimdiki ब्याहता है
köken: Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁂𑀤𑀺 (vivāhedi), from Sanskrit विवाहयति (vivāhayati).
Forms verbal nouns or action nouns from verbs, mostly corresponds to the English gerund suffix -ing.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-minën. Equivalent to -m- + -inen.
🔊 kirjoittaa (“to write”) + -minen → kirjoittaminen (“writing”)
🔊 syödä (“to eat”) + -minen → syöminen (“eating”)
-or, -er
köken: Inherited from Old Czech -cě, from Proto-Slavic *-ьca.
🔊 vládnout + -ce → vládce
🔊 zradit + -ce → zrádce
Used with a stem to form the gerund in -a (first conjugation), -ea (second conjugation), and -e (third conjugation) verbs, as well as -î verbs (a minority of fourth conjugation verbs).
köken: Inherited from Latin -andus, -endus. Compare Italian -ando, -endo, Spanish -ando, -iendo.
🔊 cânta + -ând → cântând
🔊 putea + -ând → putând
🔊 face + -ând → făcând
-tion (a distinguishable foreign word ending in nouns; it is not considerable as an independent Hungarian suffix)
köken: From Latin -tio.
🔊 ambíció (“ambition”)
-tion
köken: From Slavic languages, such as Russian -ция (-cija), Polish -cja, and thence also Yiddish ־ציע (-tsye). Ultimately from Latin -tiō.
instrument, medium, or result of
köken: From Proto-Italic *-mentom, from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom, extended from *-mn̥. Compare -men.
🔊 monēre + -mentum → monumentum