Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -ation
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ation Middle French -ation French -ation Inherited from Middle French -ation, from Old French -ation, a learned borrowing from Latin -ātiō, from -tiō, from Proto-Italic *-tiō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō, from *-tis + *-Hō. In words inherited…
an action or process · the result of an action or process · a state or quality
köken: From the Latin suffix -ātiō. This suffix was formed from verbs of the first conjugation (-āre), and is therefore a variety of the more general -tiō (from which Dutch -tie).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiōnemlbor. Portuguese -ção Learned borrowing from Latin -tiōnem. The suffix is in many cases a semi-learned form partially borrowed from Latin to make new words, but also corresponds with the old inherited form that it was based on (as evidenced by words such as canção), which…
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiōlbor. Polish -cja Learned borrowing from Latin -tiō.
roughly equivalent to -tion; was used to form a noun when added to a verb root, describing that action or state related to the verb (also used with adjective roots sometimes)
köken: Inherited from Latin -tiō, -tiōnem, and found in terms inherited from Latin as well those formed before the mid 19th century, but is otherwise no longer productive. Most modern words or neologisms use the borrowed doublets -ție or occasionally -țiune.
Learned borrowing from Latin -tiōnem, as a learned form. The original inherited form of the suffix, -zone and -zzone or in some cases -gione, is today less common but found in words such as ragione, stagione, cagione, canzone, punzone, acquazzone, tizzone, etc.