Almanca 🔊 -ung (dişil) /ʊŋ(k)/ -ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action.
köken: From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.
🔊 rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)
🔊 entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)
🔊 erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)
Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
-ment (the action or result of what is denoted by the verb)
köken: From Latin -mentum. Doublet of -miento.
🔊 jurar (“to swear”) + -mento → juramento (“oath”)
İtalyanca 🔊 -mento (eril) /ˈmen.to/ forms nouns that represent the action of a related verb
köken: From Latin -mentum.
🔊 cambiare (“to change”) + -mento → cambiamento (“change (abstract)”)
🔊 versare (“to pour”) + -mento → versamento (“pouring”)
-ence, -ance, -tion, -ity, -ment, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)
köken: From -тель (-telʹ) + -ство (-stvo).
🔊 доказа́ть (dokazátʹ, “to prove”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → доказа́тельство (dokazátelʹstvo, “proof”)
🔊 обстоя́ть (obstojátʹ, “to be, to stand, to happen”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → обстоя́тельство (obstojátelʹstvo, “circumstance”)
🔊 пра́вить (právitʹ, “to rule, to govern”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → прави́тельство (pravítelʹstvo, “government”)
Third-person singular possessive suffix. · Marks third-person singular in the simple past of intransitive verbs.
köken: From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭 (-išn).
🔊 سوختش
Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof.
köken: Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.
to, -ing, that...; derives verbal and adjectival substantives. · -ing, -ment, -tion; derives nouns from verbs and adjectives.
köken: From Middle Korean -기〮 (-kí) ~ -이〮 (-í). The suffix was rare in fifteenth-century Middle Korean (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 177), but came to increasingly displace -옴 (-wom).
🔊 아기들은 울기만 한다.
🔊 죽기는 쉽고 살기는 어렵다.
🔊 이 아이는 그림 그리기를 잘한다.
-ment; making a noun
köken: Borrowed from French -ment.
forms verbal nouns (gerunds) from verbs in conjugations: I, IX, Xb
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder. Proto-Slavic *-nь Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Proto-Slavic *-nьje Old Polish -anie Polish -anie Inherited from Old Polish -anie, from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
🔊 czytać + -anie → czytanie
🔊 mazać + -anie → mazanie
🔊 lać + -anie → lanie
Suffix used to form verbal nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ати (-aty) (alternatively -яти (-jaty)): -ing, -tion, -ence, -ance, -ment, etc.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Ukrainian -а^((ти)) (-a⁽ᵗʸ⁾) Proto-Slavic *-n- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Ukrainian -ння (-nnja)…
🔊 гарантува́ти impf or pf (harantuváty, “to guarantee”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → гарантува́ння (harantuvánnja, “guaranteeing”)
🔊 покара́ти pf (pokaráty, “to punish”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → покара́ння (pokaránnja, “punishment”)
🔊 підтри́мати pf (pidtrýmaty, “to support”) + -ання (-annja) → підтри́мання (pidtrýmannja, “support(ing)”)
Forms verbal nouns or action nouns from verbs, mostly corresponds to the English gerund suffix -ing.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-minën. Equivalent to -m- + -inen.
🔊 kirjoittaa (“to write”) + -minen → kirjoittaminen (“writing”)
🔊 syödä (“to eat”) + -minen → syöminen (“eating”)
Rumence 🔊 -mânt (nötr) /mɨnt/ Forms nouns that indicate the action or result of a verb; -ment
köken: Inherited from Late Latin -mentum, from Latin -menta.
🔊 jura (“to vow”) + -mânt → jurământ (“vow”)
🔊 lega (“to bind”) + -mânt → legământ (“pledge, promise; vow”)
🔊 crede (“to trust”) + -mânt → crezământ (“trust”)
instrument, medium, or result of
köken: From Proto-Italic *-mentom, from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom, extended from *-mn̥. Compare -men.
🔊 monēre + -mentum → monumentum
work; matter; task; affair.
köken: From Pali kāra (“deed; service; act of mercy or worship; homage; noun suffix”) or Sanskrit कार (kāra, “making; producing; performing; action; etc.”). Cognate with Lao ການ (kān), Lü ᦂᦱᧃ (k̇aan).
aile: กงการ, กรมการ, กระทำการค้า, กระบวนการ, ก่อการ, ก่อการปฏิวัติ, ก่อการร้าย, กองบังคับการ, กะการ, การกบฏ
Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.
köken: Inherited from Latin mente.
🔊 ràpida (“rapid”) + -ment → ràpidament (“rapidly”)
Galiçyaca 🔊 -mento (eril) /ˈmento/ -ment; forms nouns from verbs, with the sense of "result, product (of process)"
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese -mento, from Latin -mentum.
show the action of a verb or its result, -tion, -ment
köken: Cognate with Cornish -ans.
🔊 maddau (“to forgive”) + -ant → maddeuant (“forgiveness”)
-ism, -ation, -ment; Suffixed to nouns or verbs to form masculine abstract nouns of practice (action or incidence), result, teaching (doctrine or philosophy), or status (state or condition) related to the thing or action
köken: either a derivation of -më from Proto-Albanian *-mā, from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ or from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós, abstract noun suffix).
🔊 ag (“dawn”) + -im → Agim (“id”)
🔊 admiroj (“admire”) + -im → admirim (“admiration”)
🔊 afër (“close”) + -im → afrim (“approach”)
Forming abstract and collective nouns, -ity, -ness, -dom, -hood, -y, -ship.
köken: From Old Armenian -ութիւն (-utʻiwn).
🔊 լուրջ (lurǰ, “serious”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → լրջություն (lrǰutʻyun, “seriousness”)
🔊 ահաբեկիչ (ahabekičʻ, “terrorist”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → ահաբեկչություն (ahabekčʻutʻyun, “terrorism”)
🔊 մտավորական (mtavorakan, “intellectual”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → մտավորականություն (mtavorakanutʻyun, “intelligentsia”)
Used to form nouns of being or condition from other nouns or verbs, -ment.
köken: Cognate with Malayalam -ച (-ca), -ച്ച (-cca).
🔊 காண் (kāṇ, “to see”) + -ச்சி (-cci) → காட்சி (kāṭci, “sight”)
🔊 ஆராய் (ārāy, “to scrutinize, examine”) + -ச்சி (-cci) → ஆராய்ச்சி (ārāycci, “research, investigation”)
a suffix added to native Pashto adjectives to form abstract nouns: -ment, -cy
🔊 پراخ (prâx, “vast”) + ـتیا (-tiyâ) → پراختیا (prâxtyâ, “development”)
🔊 نیمګړی (nimgëṛay, “insufficient”) + ـتیا (-tiyâ) → نيمګړینیا (nimgëṛitiyâ, “insufficiency”)
nominalizer creating abstract nouns from verbs, also sometimes from adjectives
köken: From Pali kāra (“doing”) or Sanskrit कार (kāra).
🔊 ការកំណត់
🔊 ការក្រ
-ing
köken: From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō (compare German -ung, English -ing).
Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.
köken: From Old Occitan -ment, from Latin mente.