Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
Used with a stem to form the gerund in -a (first conjugation), -ea (second conjugation), and -e (third conjugation) verbs, as well as -î verbs (a minority of fourth conjugation verbs).
köken: Inherited from Latin -andus, -endus. Compare Italian -ando, -endo, Spanish -ando, -iendo.
added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action · designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities
köken: From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.