-ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action.
köken: From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.
rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)
entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)
erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)
Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
Used with a stem to form the gerund in -a (first conjugation), -ea (second conjugation), and -e (third conjugation) verbs, as well as -î verbs (a minority of fourth conjugation verbs).
köken: Inherited from Latin -andus, -endus. Compare Italian -ando, -endo, Spanish -ando, -iendo.
added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action · designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities
köken: From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.