forms the present perfect and past perfect tenses of certain verbs · As a copulative verb: · Used to indicate dates, times of day, time periods, etc., be
çekim: geçmiş war · ortaç gewesen · şimdiki ist · ulaç seiend
eş: befinden, anwesend, bestehen, leben
köken: Inherited from Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”), see Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) (suppleted with *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”). Cognate with Dutch zijn (“to be”), Low German sien (“to be”).
aile: an sein, auf sein, aus sein, da sein, Dasein, Glücklichsein, weg sein, zu sein
to be · used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (including all reflexive verbs, except regionally) · used to form the passive voice
çekim: geçmiş été · ortaç été · şimdiki est · ulaç étant
köken: From Middle French and Old French estre and ester, respectively from Early Medieval Latin essere (< esse "be") and Latin stāre (“stand”). Conjugations reflect both but more so the former. The form suis "(I) am" appears to reflect Vulgar Latin *suiō < Latin sum. Compare ai "(I) have", sais "(I) know" < *aiō, *saiō < habeō, sapiō. Cognates See also Angevin éter, étère, eteur, Aragonese estar,…
aile: ça a été, ça y est, ceci étant, cela étant, c'est pour ça, c’est, en être, est-ce que, être à, être après
to be (have a temporary or permanent location in space) · to be present · to be (denotes a copula, in a transient fashion)
çekim: geçmiş estuve · ortaç estado · şimdiki está
eş: encontrarse, hallarse, costar, valer
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *staēōder. Latin stō Old Spanish estar Spanish estar Inherited from Old Spanish estar, inherited from Latin stāre (“stand”). Compare English stand. The preterite's origin is unclear, most likely generalized from the preterite…
aile: aquí estamos, cuarto de estar, estar a mano, estar fashion, estar para, ontas, sala de estar, ya está, ya que estamos
köken: Inherited from Latin sum, esse. The infinitive form is attested already from Early Medieval Latin essere. The past participle stato, shared with the verb stare, is from Latin stātus.
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be. The present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
to lie; to be lying down · to be, to be placed or located · Forms a continuous aspect.
çekim: geçmiş lagen · ortaç gelegen · şimdiki ligt · ulaç liggend
eş: bevallen
köken: From Middle Dutch liggen, from Old Dutch liggen, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
to be (indicates location in space) · to be (denotes a transient quality; a quality expected to change) · to be; forms the progressive aspect
çekim: geçmiş estive · ortaç estado · şimdiki está
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre (“stand”). The stems estev- or estiv- found in some inflections likely come from Vulgar Latin *stēvī (perfect in -ēv-, used by some Latin second conjugation verbs), hypothetical perfect stem that displaced original Classical Latin perfect stetī. Compare the same development in Spanish estar. The present subjunctive stem estej- is by analogy…
aile: está bem, estar a fim, estar fora de si, estar frito, estar para, estar para nascer, estar por, estar por dentro, estar por fora, não estar com nada
to be · there is, there are, to exist · to support, be a supporter of (team, political party etc)
çekim: şimdiki είναι · ulaç όντας
köken: From Byzantine Greek εἶμαι (eîmai), from Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), from Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).
çekim: geçmiş fanns · ortaç finnandes · ulaç finnandes
köken: The passive form of finna, which has taken on the meaning of "to exist". From Old Swedish finnas, from Old Norse finnask. Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål finnes and Norwegian Nynorsk finnast.
to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) · to be (auxilary verb used for predication) · forms the future tense of imperfective verbs
çekim: geçmiş byłem · şimdiki jest
eş: istnieć, znajdować się
zıt: nie ma
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Old Polish być Polish być Inherited from Old Polish być.
aile: zbyteczny, nabytek, pobyt, przybytek, ubytek, zbytek, być w błędzie, dobyć, dobywać, nabyć
to be (indicating that the subject and the complement of the verb form the same thing, or that the complement describes the subject) · to be (occupy a place, possibly abstractly for an action) · to be, constitute, make up, form
çekim: geçmiş ollut · şimdiki on · ulaç oleva
köken: Most forms derive from Proto-Finnic *oldak (compare Estonian olema), from Proto-Uralic *wole- / *ole- (compare Moksha улемс (ulems), Eastern Mari улаш (ulaš), Udmurt вань (vań), Northern Khanty вөԓты (wøłty), Hungarian van, volt, and possibly Tundra Nenets ӈэсь (ŋesʹ°)); see the Proto-Uralic entry for more. The forms on and ovat are irregular, with cognates found throughout Finnic, including…
to be · to feel (to experience a certain condition) · to be it in a game of tag
çekim: geçmiş fost · ortaç fost · şimdiki este
köken: Inherited from Latin sum. The citation form and the f- conjugations come from Vulgar Latin *fīre < Latin fierī (“become”). Compare Aromanian hiu.
to be · there to be, to exist · to have; someone (-nak/-nek) has something (-a/-e/-ja/-je)
çekim: geçmiş volt · ortaç volt · şimdiki lenne or · ulaç levő
zıt: nem…, nincs
köken: From Old Hungarian vagyon. See Hungarian volt. * Forms beginning with v- are from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wole- (“to be”). Cognate with Northern Mansi о̄луӈкве (ōluňkve), Finnish olla and Estonian olema. Compare inflected forms such as volt, volna, való and Old Hungarian vola or vala. See also vagy for the stem in present tense. * Forms beginning with l- are from Proto-Finno-Ugric *le- (“to become”).…
aile: vagyogat, vanogat, vanni, elvan, hátravan, kivan, levan, megvan, odavan, minden rosszban van valami jó
to stand · to stay, remain · to cost, to be set at, stand at (e.g., a price)
çekim: ortaç statum · şimdiki stat · ulaç stāns
zıt: desum
köken: From Proto-Italic *staēō, from earlier *staējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istâ, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand). By its appearance through Latin sound laws,…
to be (expresses identity between the subject and a predicative) · to be, exist (with an adverbial phrase and/or the dummy subject der) · to be (in cleft sentences emphasizing a noun phrase, with the dummy subject det and a relative clause)
çekim: geçmiş var · ortaç været · ulaç værende
köken: All forms except the present are from Old Danish wæræ, waræ, from Old Norse vera, vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, live, reside”). The present tense is derived from a different root: Proto-Germanic *izum, *izud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which is also the origin of English is, are, Latin sum, and German ist. In…
to be · used with the past active aorist participle to form various perfect and renarrative tenses · used with the past active impefect participle to form some renarrative tenses
çekim: geçmiş none · ortaç бил · şimdiki е
köken: From Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti (present stem *esmь). The initial e- has been dropped except for 3p. sg.
köken: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei; present tense forms are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”); suppletive stem forms derive from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”). Compare identical situation in Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti). Cognate to Latvian bût, Old Prussian būton, English be, Latin fuī, Persian بودن, Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (bauuaⁱti), Sanskrit अभूत् (abhūt), Albanian botë, Ancient…
to be, to exist · to be, to be at, to be located (at) · to be at, to attend, to participate in
çekim: geçmiş biju · ortaç būts · şimdiki ir
köken: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, to prosper”) ( > “to become, to be”). The past tense forms are derived from *bʰew-wi. The present tense forms come from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”): *h₁ésmi > esmu, etc. The third-person forms are from other sources: see ir, nav. Cognate with Lithuanian bū́ti.