köken: Possibly from garfa (“animal's claw”), from Andalusian Arabic جَارْفَا (gārfā, “handful”), from Arabic غُرْفَة (ḡurfa, “cup or dipper”), from غَرَفَ (ḡarafa, “to ladle”), with influence from garfio (“hook”). Or, possibly from Vulgar Latin *garra, from Gaulish *garrā (“leg”) (compare Breton gar, Old Irish gairri (“calves”)), from Proto-Celtic *garros; see Cornish garr.
köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 가마〮 (Yale: kàmá). Possibly cognate with Japanese 窯 (kama, “kiln; oven; cauldron”). Compare also 감— (gam-, “to be black”).
hammock-porter · hammock on a carrying pole · palanquin
köken: It originally meant "hammock on a carrying pole". According to Vương Trung Hiếu (2021), it also had an extended, now obsolete, meaning "hammock-porter"; earlier, J. F. M. Génibrel attests to the compound chơn cáng ("porteurs en filet [hammock-porters]").
From Portuguese palanquim, from Odia ପାଲଙ୍କି (pālaṅki, “litter”), from Sanskrit पल्यङ्क (palyaṅka), variant of पर्यङ्क (paryaṅka, “bed, couch, litter”) of uncertain origin.