köken: From Middle High German strāfe, from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). Compare Dutch straf, German Low German Straaf, Luxembourgish Strof.
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.
ratification · sanction (an approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid) · sanction, penalty (punishment or coercive measure intended to ensure compliance)
çekim: çoğul κυρώσεις · tamlayan κύρωσης
köken: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κύρωσις (kúrōsis) with semantic loan from English sanction. By surface analysis, κυρώ(νω) (kyró(no)) + -ση (-si).
köken: From Middle Low German straffen, from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). Compare with German Strafe. Etymologies 2, 3, and 4 below are all clippings of compounds from Etymology 1.
verbal noun of büntet (“to punish”) · punishment, penalty (action to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime) · corner time (chiefly in the form büntetésben)
köken: Formed from the verb straffe (“to penalize”), from Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.
en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
köken: Certainly ultimately from Latin poena and pūniō, but the intermediate stages are uncertain. Compare the Classical Gaelic and early modern forms péinis and peannas/peanós.