köken: Inherited from Latin captīvus (“captive” → “caught by the devil” → “bad”). Compare the semantic development of French chétif (“puny, scrawny”) and Galician cativo.
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese barbaro, from Latin barbarus (“foreign, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”), of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the sound of foreign languages. Doublet of berbere and, possibly, of bravo /brabo.
to be bad (various meanings) · to be bad; to be evil; to be ill-natured · to be bad, to be immoral
eş: 악하다, 못하다
zıt: 좋다, 착하다, 옳다
köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 낟ᄇᆞ다〮 (Yale: nàt-pò-tá), equivalent to unattested verb *낟다〮 (Yale: *nàt-tá) + ᄫᆞ (Yale: -Wo-, adjective-deriving suffix). Middle Korean meaning: "to be insufficient". Later largely displaced 궂다〮 (Yale: kwùc-tá), the Middle Korean generic word for "bad", nowadays used mainly in reference to the weather and in idiomatic…
unpleasant, distressing, painful, nasty, bad · unpleasant to the senses, sight, smell, taste, touch · bad, evil, wicked, mischievous
çekim: karşılaştırma peior · üstünlük pessimus
eş: nocīvus
zıt: bonus, probus, rēctus, integer, castus
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel-? Proto-Italic *malos Latin malus Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Italic *malos, from Proto-Indo-European *mol-o- (“bad?”), from *(s)mel-. Within Italic, the term is probably connected to Oscan mallom, mallud (“bad”). More broadly, it is perhaps related to Old Irish mell (“destruction”), Ancient Greek μέλεος (méleos, “idle, unhappy”), Lithuanian mẽlas…
aile: carmen malum, male, maledīcō, malefaciō, malitās, malitia, malum in sē
evil, wicked (whose behavior, attitude towards others is hostile, cruel, vile, criminal) · evil (expressing hatred, cruelty) · evil, bad (relating to, leading to something very undesirable, misfortune, sorrow; dangerous)
çekim: karşılaştırma ļaunāks · üstünlük visļaunākais
eş: slikts
zıt: labs
köken: From the stem of the verb ļaut (“to allow, to permit; to tolerate”) (q.v.), with a suffix *-no. The original meaning was probably “allowed (to do as s/he pleased), allowed (to let go)” (compare palaist (“to let go”), palaidnis (“naughty child”)). Cognates include Lithuanian liáunas, liaũnas (“flexible; slim, slender; weal; free, serene”).
aile: ļaunums
ļauns cilvēks
viens un tas pats cilvēks var būt vienā brīdī bezgala labs un otrā, neticami ļauns
* From Proto-Albanian *kakja, from Proto-Indo-European *kak- (compare Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”), if not *kn̥ko- related to Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm”). * From Proto-Albanian *kakija / *kakijā, same origin.