to affirm, approve, answer something in the affirmative
çekim: geçmiş bejahte · ortaç bejaht · şimdiki bejaht · ulaç bejahend
eş: Ja, sagen, zustimmen
zıt: verneinen
köken: 16th century, equivalent to be- + ja (“yes”) + -en (with -h- as orthographic hiatus breaker). While the verb may have been derived directly from the interjection ja, an alternative possibility is that it is a reinterpretation of Middle High German bejëhen (“to acknowledge, admit”), from jëhen (“to say”). The according spelling bejähen is indeed attested in the 17th century.
yes, indeed · emphatic particle used with imperatives
zıt: nie
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *h₂énos Proto-Balto-Slavic *anas Proto-Slavic *onъ Proto-Slavic *ono univ. Proto-Slavic *ano Old Polish ano Polish ano Inherited from Old Polish ano.
The negative verb or negation verb; not, be not, do not, etc.
köken: The indicative forms are from Proto-Finnic *e-, from Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). The imperative forms are from Proto-Finnic *älä-, from the Proto-Finno-Ugric negative imperative verb stem *älä- ~ *elä-. Details and cognates Noteworthy forms include eivät (replacing earlier evät by influence from the third-person singular ei). For more forms, see the Proto-Finnic and…
aile: ehkei, ehtyä, ei-, ei lainkaan, ei ollenkaan, eih, eikä, eiköhän, eittämättä, eittää
köken: Inherited from Old Czech ano, from Proto-Slavic *ano. Compare Slovak áno (“yes”), Polish ano (“yes, indeed”). First attested in the 15th century.
köken: Borrowed from Bulgarian да (da). First attested in the 1810’s in the poems of Iancu Văcărescu, having entered the language from the common speech of Muntenia and spreading to other regions starting in the 1860’s. Before, Romanian used echo answers or a variety of affirmative adverbs including așa, adevărat or bine. da does not feature in Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian. An…
köken: Probably a lexicalization of i, an early variant of the demonstrative pronoun e /ez (“this”). Possibly formed with -g /-ig (terminative suffix) (compare míg and possibly leg-) and -en (adverb-forming suffix) (compare hogyan, ígyen). In its original sense, it was probably used to express emphasis. First attested in 1266. According to Johanson (2004), borrowed from a Turkic particle egen ~ igen…