Almanca 🔊 -ung (dişil) /ʊŋ(k)/ -ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action.
köken: From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.
🔊 rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)
🔊 entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)
🔊 erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)
Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
-ment (the action or result of what is denoted by the verb)
köken: From Latin -mentum. Doublet of -miento.
🔊 jurar (“to swear”) + -mento → juramento (“oath”)
İtalyanca 🔊 -mento (eril) /ˈmen.to/ forms nouns that represent the action of a related verb
köken: From Latin -mentum.
🔊 cambiare (“to change”) + -mento → cambiamento (“change (abstract)”)
🔊 versare (“to pour”) + -mento → versamento (“pouring”)
-ence, -ance, -tion, -ity, -ment, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)
köken: From -тель (-telʹ) + -ство (-stvo).
🔊 доказа́ть (dokazátʹ, “to prove”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → доказа́тельство (dokazátelʹstvo, “proof”)
🔊 обстоя́ть (obstojátʹ, “to be, to stand, to happen”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → обстоя́тельство (obstojátelʹstvo, “circumstance”)
🔊 пра́вить (právitʹ, “to rule, to govern”) + -тельство (-telʹstvo) → прави́тельство (pravítelʹstvo, “government”)
Third-person singular possessive suffix. · Marks third-person singular in the simple past of intransitive verbs.
köken: From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭 (-išn).
🔊 سوختش
Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof.
köken: Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.
added to a verb form to create gerund nouns
🔊 τρέχω (trécho, “to run”) + -ιμο (-imo) → τρέξιμο (tréximo, “running”)
🔊 φταίω (ftaío, “to be at fault”) + -ιμο (-imo) → φταίξιμο (ftaíximo, “blame”)
🔊 σφάζω (sfázo, “to slaughter”) + -ιμο (-imo) → σφάξιμο (sfáximo, “slaughter”)
to, -ing, that...; derives verbal and adjectival substantives. · -ing, -ment, -tion; derives nouns from verbs and adjectives.
köken: From Middle Korean -기〮 (-kí) ~ -이〮 (-í). The suffix was rare in fifteenth-century Middle Korean (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 177), but came to increasingly displace -옴 (-wom).
🔊 아기들은 울기만 한다.
🔊 죽기는 쉽고 살기는 어렵다.
🔊 이 아이는 그림 그리기를 잘한다.
-ment; making a noun
köken: Borrowed from French -ment.
forms verbal nouns (gerunds) from verbs in conjugations: I, IX, Xb
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder. Proto-Slavic *-nь Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Proto-Slavic *-nьje Old Polish -anie Polish -anie Inherited from Old Polish -anie, from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
🔊 czytać + -anie → czytanie
🔊 mazać + -anie → mazanie
🔊 lać + -anie → lanie
Suffix used to form verbal nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ати (-aty) (alternatively -яти (-jaty)): -ing, -tion, -ence, -ance, -ment, etc.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Ukrainian -а^((ти)) (-a⁽ᵗʸ⁾) Proto-Slavic *-n- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is Proto-Slavic *-ь Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas Proto-Slavic *-jь Proto-Slavic *-ьje Ukrainian -ння (-nnja)…
🔊 гарантува́ти impf or pf (harantuváty, “to guarantee”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → гарантува́ння (harantuvánnja, “guaranteeing”)
🔊 покара́ти pf (pokaráty, “to punish”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → покара́ння (pokaránnja, “punishment”)
🔊 підтри́мати pf (pidtrýmaty, “to support”) + -ання (-annja) → підтри́мання (pidtrýmannja, “support(ing)”)
Forms verbal nouns or action nouns from verbs, mostly corresponds to the English gerund suffix -ing.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-minën. Equivalent to -m- + -inen.
🔊 kirjoittaa (“to write”) + -minen → kirjoittaminen (“writing”)
🔊 syödä (“to eat”) + -minen → syöminen (“eating”)
Rumence 🔊 -mânt (nötr) /mɨnt/ Forms nouns that indicate the action or result of a verb; -ment
köken: Inherited from Late Latin -mentum, from Latin -menta.
🔊 jura (“to vow”) + -mânt → jurământ (“vow”)
🔊 lega (“to bind”) + -mânt → legământ (“pledge, promise; vow”)
🔊 crede (“to trust”) + -mânt → crezământ (“trust”)
instrument, medium, or result of
köken: From Proto-Italic *-mentom, from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom, extended from *-mn̥. Compare -men.
🔊 monēre + -mentum → monumentum
work; matter; task; affair.
köken: From Pali kāra (“deed; service; act of mercy or worship; homage; noun suffix”) or Sanskrit कार (kāra, “making; producing; performing; action; etc.”). Cognate with Lao ການ (kān), Lü ᦂᦱᧃ (k̇aan).
aile: กงการ, กรมการ, กระทำการค้า, กระบวนการ, ก่อการ, ก่อการปฏิวัติ, ก่อการร้าย, กองบังคับการ, กะการ, การกบฏ
Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.
köken: Inherited from Latin mente.
🔊 ràpida (“rapid”) + -ment → ràpidament (“rapidly”)
Galiçyaca 🔊 -mento (eril) /ˈmento/ -ment; forms nouns from verbs, with the sense of "result, product (of process)"
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese -mento, from Latin -mentum.
show the action of a verb or its result, -tion, -ment
köken: Cognate with Cornish -ans.
🔊 maddau (“to forgive”) + -ant → maddeuant (“forgiveness”)
Forming abstract and collective nouns, -ity, -ness, -dom, -hood, -y, -ship.
köken: From Old Armenian -ութիւն (-utʻiwn).
🔊 լուրջ (lurǰ, “serious”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → լրջություն (lrǰutʻyun, “seriousness”)
🔊 ահաբեկիչ (ahabekičʻ, “terrorist”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → ահաբեկչություն (ahabekčʻutʻyun, “terrorism”)
🔊 մտավորական (mtavorakan, “intellectual”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → մտավորականություն (mtavorakanutʻyun, “intelligentsia”)
Used to form nouns of being or condition from other nouns or verbs, -ment.
köken: Cognate with Malayalam -ച (-ca), -ച്ച (-cca).
🔊 காண் (kāṇ, “to see”) + -ச்சி (-cci) → காட்சி (kāṭci, “sight”)
🔊 ஆராய் (ārāy, “to scrutinize, examine”) + -ச்சி (-cci) → ஆராய்ச்சி (ārāycci, “research, investigation”)
a suffix added to native Pashto adjectives to form abstract nouns: -ment, -cy
🔊 پراخ (prâx, “vast”) + ـتیا (-tiyâ) → پراختیا (prâxtyâ, “development”)
🔊 نیمګړی (nimgëṛay, “insufficient”) + ـتیا (-tiyâ) → نيمګړینیا (nimgëṛitiyâ, “insufficiency”)
nominalizer creating abstract nouns from verbs, also sometimes from adjectives
köken: From Pali kāra (“doing”) or Sanskrit कार (kāra).
🔊 ការកំណត់
🔊 ការក្រ
-ing
köken: From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō (compare German -ung, English -ing).
Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.
köken: From Old Occitan -ment, from Latin mente.