köken: The adjective is from Middle High German eben, from Old High German eban, the adverb from ebano; from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz and its adverb equivalent. Cognate with Low German even, Dutch even, effen, English even, Danish jævn.
barely, hardly · just, recently, newly · as soon as
eş: a fatica, a mala pena, a stento, con difficoltà, faticosamente, stentatamente
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + pena (“pain, trouble”). Compare French à peine, Spanish apenas, etc.
Ti si sente appena con tutto questo baccano.
È appena arrivata, dalle un po' di tempo per riposarsi.
köken: From Middle Dutch heden, also hude, huden, from Old Dutch hiudo, a contraction of the instrumental phrase *hiu dago (“on this day”), from Proto-West Germanic *hiu dagu, from Proto-Germanic *hinō dagō (*hiz + *dagaz). The appearance of the vowel -e- is unusual, the expected form in modern Dutch would be *huide(n), compare huidig. Cognate with Old Saxon hiudu, hūdigu, German heute, West Frisian…
aile: hedendaags, hedendag, hedenmeer, hedenmorgen, hedennacht, hedenochtend, tot heden, tot op heden
We moeten in het heden leven, niet in het verleden.
just (quite recently, only moments ago) · exactly, precisely · particularly, in particular, specifically (compare similar usage in English "That's just the guy I saw" and the like)
köken: According to Ante Aikio (2020), from Proto-Finnic *äisäk (compare Estonian äsja, Ludian äskei, Võro äisäq), from Proto-Uralic *äńćä. This suggests a development from *äisäk > *äisäk(k)V- > *äiskV- > *eskV-/äskV-.
just, only, merely, simply · recently, just now · presently
köken: From modus (“measure, mode, manner, way”); the adverb derives from its ablative form. The short vowel in the adverb is an example of iambic shortening that became conventional in Classical Latin (as in ego).
aile: modernus, non modo, solummodo, tantummodo
Tunc, (ille) modo edere volēbat.
Semel modo nōn satis.
Nam et nāvium figūrā et rēmōrum mōtū et inūsitātō genere tormentōrum permōtī barbarī cōnstitērunt āc paulum modo pedem rettulērunt.
Perhaps from שָׁעָהכְּ עַד (ád ksha'á) or הוּאכְּשֶׁ עַד (ád kshehú). Attested since Late Antiquity. The spelling with י may have arisen to disambiguate the vowel before ו so as not to be read as וֹ – as in analogous words like סתיו /סְתָו (stáv) and the possessive ending ־ָיו (-áv).