köken: The adjective is from Middle High German eben, from Old High German eban, the adverb from ebano; from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz and its adverb equivalent. Cognate with Low German even, Dutch even, effen, English even, Danish jævn.
barely, hardly · just, recently, newly · as soon as
eş: a fatica, a mala pena, a stento, con difficoltà, faticosamente, stentatamente
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + pena (“pain, trouble”). Compare French à peine, Spanish apenas, etc.
Ti si sente appena con tutto questo baccano.
È appena arrivata, dalle un po' di tempo per riposarsi.
just (quite recently, only moments ago) · exactly, precisely · particularly, in particular, specifically (compare similar usage in English "That's just the guy I saw" and the like)
köken: According to Ante Aikio (2020), from Proto-Finnic *äisäk (compare Estonian äsja, Ludian äskei, Võro äisäq), from Proto-Uralic *äńćä. This suggests a development from *äisäk > *äisäk(k)V- > *äiskV- > *eskV-/äskV-.
hardly, barely (with difficulty) · hardly, barely, scarcely (in a very small measure) · only, just (no more than)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Vulgar Latin ad Proto-Indo-European *weyk- Proto-Italic *wiks Vulgar Latin vix Vulgar Latin *ad vix Romanian abi Romanian abia Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad vix, from ad + vix. The original form was abi, a variant found in some dialects; the final -a was added by analogy with adverbs like aci(a), aiure(a), acole(a). This suffixation…
köken: Perhaps from שָׁעָהכְּ עַד (ád ksha'á) or הוּאכְּשֶׁ עַד (ád kshehú). Attested since Late Antiquity. The spelling with י may have arisen to disambiguate the vowel before ו so as not to be read as וֹ – as in analogous words like סתיו /סְתָו (stáv) and the possessive ending ־ָיו (-áv).