dull · hollow, muffled, dead (sound) · vague
çekim: karşılaştırma dumpfer · üstünlük am dumpfesten
eş: gedämpft
köken: Gradation from Middle High German dimpfen (“to smoke, fume”), and related to Dampf (“steam”), see there for more. English dank has been speculated to be related.
aile: Dumpfheit, Dumpfbacke
past participle of boucher
eş: limité, cramé
🔊 avoir le nez bouché
🔊 avoir les oreilles bouchées
🔊 T'es bouché ou quoi ?
past participle of chiudere
eş: rinserrato, serrato, sprangato, bloccato, intasato, ostruito
köken: From Latin clūsus, variant of clausus.
past passive perfective participle of спере́ть (sperétʹ)
eş: тесный, душный, несвежий, тяжёлый
difficult to breathe; poorly ventilated; stuffy · close, oppressive, sultry, muggy
köken: Ultimately a derivation from Proto-Turkic *dï̄n (“spirit, breath; rest”). Cognate with Tatar тынчу (tınçu), Kazakh тыншу (tynşu, “stuffy, poorly ventilated”); compare also Kumyk тунчукъ (tunçuq, “stuffy, poorly ventilated”).
stuffy, poorly ventilated · sombre, gloomy (of moods)
çekim: karşılaştırma bedompter · üstünlük bedomptst
eş: duf, muf, benauwend, onfris, dompig, vuns
köken: From bedompen.
aile: bedomptheid
past participle of entupir
stale (having lost its freshness) · fusty (smelling stale or moldy)
köken: From Ottoman Turkish بایات (bayat) ( + -ικος (-ikos)), from Arabic بَائِت (bāʔit). Compare Byzantine Greek μπαγιάτι (mpagiáti).
frustrated · stuffy, stifling, suffocating
köken: First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 답답ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: tàptàp-hòtá). 답답 (dapdap) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
🔊 고구마 먹은 것처럼 답답하다
musty, fusty, stale
çekim: karşılaştırma unknare · üstünlük unknast
köken: Uncertain. Proposals have been made connecting it with Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“wet; moist”) (and thus Ancient Greek ὑγρός (hugrós) and Latin ūvidus), or with the Proto-Indo-European root behind Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn) and Latin inguen.
aile: unkenhet, unkna
stuffy (lacking fresh air or ventilation) · sultry, stifling · frowsty
çekim: karşılaştırma bardziej duszny · üstünlük najbardziej duszny
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dušьnъ, related to dech.
aile: dusznawy, duszność, dusznota
moldy
çekim: karşılaştırma plesnivější · üstünlük nejplesnivější
eş: zplesnivělý
köken: From plíseň + -ivý.
Rumence 🔊 muced /ˈmu.t͡ʃed/ moldy, musty, fusty, mildewed
köken: Inherited from Latin mucidus.
aile: mucegai
musty, fusty, stuffy (having an unpleasantly stale odour) · stuffy, fusty (old-fashioned)
çekim: karşılaştırma dohosabb · üstünlük legdohosabb
köken: First attested in 1456. doh (“mustiness”) + -os (adjective-forming suffix)
aile: dohosság
mouldy
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese balorento (13ᵗʰ century, Cantigas de Santa Maria; attested as nickname, Balurentus, in a 12ᵗʰ Latin local document). From balor (“mould”) + -ento. Cognate with Portuguese bolorento.
oppressive heat, stuffy heat
çekim: çoğul տոթեր
köken: Inherited from Old Armenian տօթ (tōtʻ).
mi 🔊 haitutu , kōpuru , kurikuri