çekim: karşılaştırma tvirčiaũ · üstünlük tvirčiáusia
zıt: minkštas
köken: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twirˀ- from a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Cognate with Latvian tvirts and Polish twardy (“solid”). Derksen does not give a full PBS reconstruction for this term, only noting that "the Baltic and Slavic suffixes do not match." Other cognates within Lithuanian: *ãptvaras (“pen, enclosure”) < Proto-Indo-European *tworH-o- *tvérti (“to seize”) <…
firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change) · firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle) · firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly)
çekim: karşılaştırma stingrāks · üstünlük visstingrākais
eş: spēcīgs, stiprs
köken: From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, sti̇̀ngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”). The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian sti̇̀ngti (“id.”). According to Karulis,…
Originally the same word as stuurs, of which it is an eastern dialectal variant. Immediately cognate with German stur (itself from Low German). Not immediately cognate with English stour, Swedish stor, but possibly related.