köken: From Latin rōbustus (“hard, solid”, literally “oaken, of oak”), derived from rōbur (“hard oak; hardness”), from ruber (“red”) (for its reddish hardwood), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *megʰ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *magtis Proto-Slavic *mȍťь Old Polish moc Polish moc Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ Old Polish -ny Polish -ny Polish mocny From moc + -ny.
çekim: karşılaştırma tvirčiaũ · üstünlük tvirčiáusia
zıt: minkštas
köken: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twirˀ- from a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Cognate with Latvian tvirts and Polish twardy (“solid”). Derksen does not give a full PBS reconstruction for this term, only noting that "the Baltic and Slavic suffixes do not match." Other cognates within Lithuanian: *ãptvaras (“pen, enclosure”) < Proto-Indo-European *tworH-o- *tvérti (“to seize”) <…
firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change) · firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle) · firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly)
çekim: karşılaştırma stingrāks · üstünlük visstingrākais
eş: spēcīgs, stiprs
köken: From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, sti̇̀ngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”). The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian sti̇̀ngti (“id.”). According to Karulis,…