Forms agent nouns etc. from verbs, suffixed to the verb stem. · Forms instance nouns from verbs. · Indicates something defined by a number; in the plural often all numbers with the same first digits
köken: From Middle High German -ære, -er, from Old High German -āri, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, further etymology unknown but possibly from Latin -ārius.
forms the first-person and second-person singular imperfect indicative form of a verb
eş: -ain, -ien, -itain
köken: From Middle French -ois, from conflation of Latin -ēbās and -iēbas — second, third, and fourth conjugation variants of -bās, later generalized to all verbs.
Je regardais la télé pendant que tu parlais au téléphone.
used with a stem to form the third-person plural present tense of regular -are verbs · used with a stem to form the third-person plural present subjunctive of regular -ere and -ire verbs · used with a stem to form the third-person imperative of regular -ere and those -ire verbs that do not take -isc
köken: Inherited from Latin -ant.
America (“America”) + -ano → americano (“American”)
при добавлении к основе прилагательного в положительной степени образует его сравнительную степень со значением бо́льшей степени качества ‖ иногда при этом в основе происходит выпадаение суффикса
köken: Derived from Old Swedish -līker, from Old Norse -ligr, -líkr, Proto-Germanic *-līkaz. Cognate with Icelandic -legur, Faroese -ligur, Norwegian Nynorsk -leg, Danish -lig and Norwegian Bokmål -lig.
Used to form adjectives, often from nouns; -ish, -y, of -'s (double genitive).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ Ukrainian -ський Inherited from Old Ruthenian -ский (-skij), from Old East Slavic -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ. Cognate with Russian -ский (-skij), Belarusian -скі (-ski), Polish -ski, Czech -ský.
Combined with a place name, forms the noun for the inhabitant of a place; or an adjective meaning "of or relating to (the place)". · Combined with a name, forms an adjective for a member of an organization or other defined group, a follower of philosophy etc. · Combined with a common noun, forms nouns for people characterized by this noun.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-lainën; equivalent to -la (toponym suffix) + -inen. Cognate with Estonian -lane, Veps -laine. Attested since at least the Bible translation of 1548, which uses it in Mark 7.26 (Grekilainen) and Luke 4.27 (Syrialainen), among other places.
Viro (“Estonia”) + -lainen → virolainen (“Estonian”)
Savo (“Savonia”) + -lainen → savolainen (“Savonian”)
German Hegel + -lainen → hegeliläinen (“Hegelian”)
Added to an adjective to create an adverb. However, it cannot be added to adjectives suffixed with -i, -beli, -nyi, -tlan -talan, -atlan. · Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people.
pontos (“accurate”) + -an → pontosan (“accurately”)
hat (“six”) + -an → hatan (“six people, six of us/you/them”)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ Old Church Slavonic -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) Bulgarian -ски Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.
suffix used to form relational adjectives (expressing belonging, affiliation, or origin) from nouns (persons, animals, things, or places) · suffix used to express a relationship of belonging in the narrow sense of the word; formed from personal possessive adjectives ending in -ov and -in · suffix used to form qualitative adjectives (often gradable) expressing a characteristic property
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ Slovak -ský Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.
muž (“man”) + -ský → mužský (“masculine; male”)
kôň (“horse”) + -ský → konský (“equine”)
hory (“mountains”) + -ský → horský (“mountainous”)