to make dirty, stain (also figurative)
çekim: geçmiş beschmutzte · ortaç beschmutzt · şimdiki beschmutzt · ulaç beschmutzend
eş: verdrecken, verschmutzen, herabwürdigen
köken: be- + schmutzen
aile: Beschmutzer, Beschmutzung, das eigene Nest beschmutzen
to dirty, make dirty · to sully (someone's reputation etc.)
çekim: geçmiş sali · ortaç sali · şimdiki salit · ulaç salissant
eş: barbouiller, bardoufler, cochonner, cracratiser, crader, cradinguiser
köken: From sale.
to dirty, soil, to stain · to foul, to defile · to sully, to smear, to besmirch, to blacken, to tarnish (a person's name, reputation or memory)
çekim: geçmiş ensucié · ortaç ensuciado · şimdiki ensucia
eş: ciscar, encochinar, enmugrar, enmugrecer, manchar, percochar
köken: From en- + sucio + -ar.
to dirty, soil, stain · to sully · to besmirch
çekim: geçmiş sporcàto · ortaç sporcàto · şimdiki spòrca · ulaç sporcànte
eş: macchiare, imbrattare, inzaccherare, infangare, ungere, impataccare
köken: From Latin spurcāre. Compare Romanian spurca.
soil, ground, bottom · priming, primer coat
çekim: çoğul гру́нты · tamlayan гру́нта
eş: земля, почва
köken: Borrowed from German Grund.
soil, earth (as in "handful of earth") · country (often in plural)
çekim: çoğul torpaqlar · tamlayan torpağın
köken: Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish طوپراق (ṭopraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Developed through metathesis, compare Turkish toprak. Cognate with Azerbaijani toz. Cognates Cognate with Crimean Tatar topraq, Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Kyrgyz тобрак (tobrak), Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Turkmen toprak, Tuvan довурак (dovurak), Uzbek…
aile: torpağa tapşırmaq
🔊 Rəsmi Pekin sərt reaksiya göstərərək Skarboro (Hyunyan) adasının Çinin "tarixi torpaqları" olduğunu bir daha bəyan etdi.
soil, earth · land, territory
çekim: çoğul топырақтар · tamlayan топырақтың
eş: жер
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Cognate with Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Uzbek tuproq, Azerbaijani torpaq, Turkish toprak (“earth, soil”), Khakas тобырах (tobırax, “soil”), Shor тобрақ (“soil”), Yakut тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra, “soil”), etc.
aile: топырақсыз, топырақтау, топырақты, топырақтық
ground, soil · territory · ashes, particularly of a dead person
çekim: çoğul tuproqlar · tamlayan tuproqning
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (toṗraq, tofraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
earth, soil
köken: From Proto-Turkic *topurak.
soil, earth · land, country
çekim: çoğul topraklar · tamlayan topragyň
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
🔊 کیمیانی توفراغه چالسنک توفراقدین زر بهم ایدار هر نارسهنی یره سبسنک سبدیکینک یر بهم ایدار
to soil, to pollute
köken: From Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”).
soil · land, territory · grave
çekim: çoğul تۇپراقلار
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (tofraq, toṗraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
aile: تۇپراقشۇناس, تۇپراقلىق
🔊 بوز تۇپراق
🔊 قارا تۇپراق
🔊 ئۇنىڭ تۇپرىغى شۇ يەردىن ئېلىنغان ئىكان
earth, soil · land, territory · soil, dust, ashes (from which human is created)
çekim: çoğul тупраҡтар · tamlayan тупраҡтың
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (topraq, “soil”); Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Uzbek tuproq, Azerbaijani torpaq, Turkish toprak (“earth, soil”), Khakas тобырах (tobırax, “soil”), Shor тобрақ (“soil”), Yakut тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra, “soil”).
aile: ауыр тупрағы еңел булһын
🔊 Диоксин иң тәүҙә тупраҡты, һауаны ағыулай.
🔊 Тупраҡтан яралғанбыҙ, тупраҡҡа ҡайтабыҙ.
soil, earth · grave
çekim: çoğul тӑпрасем
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“soil”).
earth, soil, ground · earth, ground
çekim: çoğul aardes
eş: aardbol, aardrijk, bol, globe, planeet, terra
köken: From Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. False cognate of Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).
aile: aardachtig, aardappel, aardebaan, aarden, aardewerk, aardgebonden, aardkunde, aardlaag, aardman, aardolie
🔊 Een kudde wisenten heeft de aarde hier vertrapt.
🔊 De vochtige aarde ruikt goed.
soil, ground
çekim: çoğul solos
köken: Learned borrowing from Latin solum (“soil, ground”).
aile: subsolo
Yunanca 🔊 έδαφος (nötr) /ˈe.ða.fos/ ground · soil, land, earth · territory, soil
çekim: çoğul εδάφη · tamlayan εδάφους
köken: Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ἔδαφος (édaphos).
🔊 κερδίζω έδαφος
🔊 χάνω έδαφος
🔊 Ξάπλωσε στο έδαφος.
soil · foundation, environment, or condition under which things occur or grow
aile: 土壌汚染, 土壌改良剤, 土壌学, 土壌浄化法, 土壌消毒, 土壌侵食, 土壌図, 土壌微生物, 亜土壌, アルカリ性土壌
🔊 プログラムを開発するためのユーティリティーと呼ばれる小道具ソフトや言語が整備され、こうした環境はマシンをしゃぶりつくすように使いこなすポール・アレンやビル・ゲイツ、そして後藤富雄のようなハッカーを育てる土壌ともなった。
to soil, to make dirty · to disgrace, to tarnish
çekim: geçmiş 더럽혔다
köken: Causative form of 더럽다 (deoreopda)
earth, soil; a rock- or sand-based unconsolidated material in which land plants grow · earth, ground (as opposed to the sky or sea) · earth; one of the four or five basic elements in alchemical or Taoist philosophy
çekim: çoğul jordar · tamlayan jords
eş: land
köken: From Old Swedish iorþ, from Old Norse jǫrð, from Proto-Germanic *erþō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-.
aile: brända jordens taktik, fast jord, fosterjord, jord under naglarna, jorda, jordafärd, jordart, jordaxel, jordbegravning, jordbi
to soil, to make dirty · to get dirty, to get soiled
çekim: geçmiş brudziłem · şimdiki brudzi
eş: plamić, zanieczyszczać, walać, paskudzić, brukać, kalać
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *bruditi Polish brudzić Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bruditi. By surface analysis, brud + -ić.
aile: nabrudzić, pobrudzić, przybrudzić, ubrudzić, wybrudzić, zabrudzić, zbrudzić
soil, ground, bottom · allotment land · ground, basis, foundation
çekim: çoğul ґрунти́ · tamlayan ґру́нту
köken: Inherited from Old Ruthenian кгрунтъ (grunt), ґрунтъ (grunt), from Middle High German grunt.
earth, ground · Planet Earth · land; a plot of land
çekim: çoğul ज़मीनें
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian زمین (zamīn), from earlier زمی (zamī), from Middle Persian zmyk' (zamīg, “earth”). Cognate with Bengali জমি (jomi), জমিন (jomin), Marathi जमीन (j̈amīn), Punjabi ਜ਼ਮੀਨ (zamīn).
aile: ज़मींदार, ज़मींदारी, ज़मीन आसमान, ज़मीनी
to dirty, soil, begrime; get dirty · to tarnish, sully, besmirch
çekim: geçmiş liannut · şimdiki likaa · ulaç likaava
köken: lika + -ta
aile: likaaja, likaaminen, likaantua, likaus
earth, land, soil · grounds, land · attic, garret, loft
çekim: çoğul půdy · tamlayan půdy
eş: země, zem, hlína, prsť, podkroví, hůra
köken: From Proto-Slavic *podъ, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds; cognate with Slovak pôda.
aile: půdní, půdička, půdka, mít pevnou půdu pod nohama, ztrácet pevnou půdu pod nohama
🔊 Na univerzitní půdě se diskutovalo o vzdělávání Romů.
the lowest part of something; bottom, ground, base, foundation, bed · the floor or pavement of a room · ground, earth, land, soil
çekim: çoğul soluri · tamlayan solului
köken: From Latin solum (“base, bottom; soil”), French sol.