köken: From Middle High German doch, from Old High German doh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh. Cognate to Old English þēah (English though).
köken: First attested in 1380, from Old French oïl (1100), from Vulgar Latin *hoc ille or by surface analysis a compound of Old French o (affirmative particle) and il (“he”). Partially cognate to Occitan òc (“yes”) and Catalan oi (“isn't it?”). See the Old French term for details.
aile: mais oui, ni oui ni non, pour un oui ou pour un non
köken: From Middle Persian ME lʾd (čim rāy, “why”), from Proto-Iranian *čim (“what”) + *rādi- (“reason, thing”), literally, “what reason”. The former is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kím ~ čím, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷím (“what”), while the latter is a lexicalization of the locative singular of Proto-Iranian *rād-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HraHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange,…
yes (in response to negative questions), disagree · Response to words of gratitude.
eş: ううん
zıt: はい, うん
köken: /ina/ → /ija/ → /ije/ → /iːe/ First cited to the late 1600s. Shift from いや (iya), from even earlier 否 (ina). While いや (iya) was broadly used in the Muromachi period, in the Edo period, いや (iya) shifted to use mainly in informal or more intimate contexts, while いいえ (īe) was used in more formal or polite contexts. いや (iya) is still in use, including broader senses not included for いいえ (īe).
certainly, yes, of course · used with an additional sentence to contradict what an interlocutor has said · an in-word used to confirm and intensify a subordinate clause
eş: tak, dokładnie, dokładnie tak, racja, właśnie, jak najbardziej
köken: Etymology tree Old Polish owszem Polish owszem Inherited from Old Polish owszem. Compare Czech ovšem (“but; certainly, yes, of course”).
always (mainly in affirmative clauses) · over and over, always, time after time (with the comparative form of the succeeding adjective or adverb) · still; yet