creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables · names the wife of a person · creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-inī Proto-West Germanic *-ini Old High German -in Middle High German -in German -in From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.
Arbeitgeber (“employer”) + -in → Arbeitgeberin (“employer (female person or sexless company)”)
Autor (“author”) + -in → Autorin (“author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress, or sexless company, abstract thing)”)
köken: From Middle Persian NKḆ, mʾtk' (mādag), from Proto-Iranian *māta-ka- (“female creature”), from *māta- (“female”), from *máHtā (“mother”). Northern Luri ما (ma, “female”), Northern Kurdish mê (“female”). Compare Old Armenian մատակ (matak), an Iranian borrowing.
cow; a female of certain mammals, in particular bovines
çekim: çoğul koeien
köken: From Middle Dutch coe, from Old Dutch cuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”), from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”).
aile: de koe bij de hoorns vatten, gekkekoeienziekte, koebeest, koehandel, koeien met gouden horens, koeienhandel, koeienletter, koeienvlaai, koemelk, koevanger
third-person feminine singular nominative pronoun she; it · third-person feminine singular prepositional pronoun her · third-person feminine singular pronoun used in all positions she; it; her
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese ela, from Latin illa, feminine of ille. Cognate with Galician ela and Spanish ella.
Ela está aqui perto.
Pensei que você tivesse dito que ela estava só mandando você escrever!
he, she, that person over there (third person singular) · he, she, that person both of us know (third person singular) · my husband, partner (of a female speaker)
köken: Calque of Japanese 彼女 (kanojo, “she”, pronoun), coined by Kim Dong-in prior to 1951 as 그 (geu, “that”) + 녀(女) (nyeo, “woman, girl”). The noun meaning was created due to the literary overtones of the pronoun, possibly with influence from Japanese 彼女 (kanojo, “girlfriend”).
she; the third-person, singular, feminine pronoun in the nominative case · it (for certain nouns that were feminine in Old Swedish)
köken: From Old Swedish hōn, from Old Norse hón, from Proto-Germanic *hēnō (compare *ainaz). Cognate with Icelandic hún, Danish hun and Norwegian Bokmål hun.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ Proto-Slavic *-ъka Old Polish -ka Polish -ka Inherited from Old Polish -ka.
he, she, one, they sg (only of a human being; gender-neutral)
eş: se
köken: From Proto-Finnic *hän (compare Estonian enda, Veps hän), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän (compare Northern Sami son, Erzya сон (son), Komi-Zyrian сійӧ (sijö), Hungarian ő). In practically all dialects (except potentially Ingrian Finnish), se is the most common third-person pronoun for people, and this is also reflected in colloquial Finnish. hän was most often used in indirect speech (as a…
From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᚾᚢ (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ (*hanaʀ) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann).