köken: From Old Swedish þræl, from Old Norse þræll, from Proto-Germanic *þragilaz, *þrahilaz, *þrēhilaz, from the root *þreh-, *þreg-, *þrag- ‘to run’, from Proto-Indo-European *trāgʰ- (“pull, drag, race, run”).
female equivalent of niewolnik (“slave”) (person who has no power of resistance to something, one who surrenders to or is under the domination of something)
çekim: çoğul niewolnice · tamlayan niewolnicy
eş: poddana
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *ne- Proto-Indo-European *wolh₁-yeh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáljāˀ Proto-Slavic *voľa Proto-Slavic *nevoľa Polish niewola Proto-Slavic *-ьnica Old Polish -nica Polish -nica Polish niewolnica From niewola + -nica.
köken: From Old Danish thræl, from Old Norse þræll, from Proto-Germanic *þragilaz, *þrahilaz, *þrēhilaz, from the root *þreh-, *þreg-, *þrag- ‘to run’, from Proto-Indo-European *trāgʰ- (“pull, drag, race, run”).
köken: Unclear but most likely ultimately from Medieval Latin sclāvus (“slave”) possibly through English slave. The spelling 〈ea〉, which indicates a high-front vowel, and the /b/ are difficult to derive from sclāvus. Additionally, the word is only known from Cregeen's dictionary and not found in any other native sources.