köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic жестъкъ (žestŭkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *žestъkъ. Cognate to Old Church Slavonic жестъ (žestŭ, “hard”), жестѣти (žestěti, “to harden”). Also related to жесто́кий (žestókij, “cruel”).
köken: This word was derived from ancient Japanese origin かたし (katashi, “hard”) and applied the meaning of Chinese letter 堅／坚 that means keeping its physical shape or behavior by its excellent quality. In turn, from Old Japanese kata, from Proto-Japonic *kata.
stiff, rigid · very strict and formal (to a fault), stiff · awkward
çekim: karşılaştırma stelare · üstünlük stelast
köken: From Old Swedish stirder, styrdher, from Old Norse stirðr, from Proto-Germanic *sterþjaz, [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ster (“strong, steady”). The sound change of Old Norse /rð/ to /l/, which affected central and northern Sweden, is typically not reflected in writing, the spelling of this word and a few other being exceptions. Compare hin håle and utböling (from ON. *hinn harði and…
Det vart så stelt när han blev totaldissad på dansgolvet.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne Proto-Slavic *ne Old Polish nie Old Polish nie- Polish nie- Polish ugięty Polish nieugięty From nie- + ugięty.
firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change) · firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle) · firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly)
çekim: karşılaştırma stingrāks · üstünlük visstingrākais
eş: spēcīgs, stiprs
köken: From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, sti̇̀ngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”). The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian sti̇̀ngti (“id.”). According to Karulis,…