by means of; by; through · through; entering, then exiting · through (a period of time)
eş: mittels, vermittels, dank, hindurch, während
köken: From Middle High German durch, from Old High German duruh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw. Cognate with English through, thorough, Dutch door, West Frisian troch, Yiddish דורך (durkh).
köken: Compound of a (“to; at”) + través (“[the] turn”, from Latin trānsversus) + de (“of”). Compare Portuguese através de, Italian attraverso and French à travers.
for (on behalf of) · for (in order to obtain) · for (over a period of time)
eş: per
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō (“for”) (with metathetic shift under the influence of per). Usurped the roles of Latin per.
eş: za pośrednictwem, za pomocą, przy pomocy, z pomocą, przez, ustami
köken: Etymology tree Polish po- Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Balto-Slavic *per Proto-Slavic *per- Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰsder. Proto-Slavic *-zъ Proto-Slavic *perzъ Old Polish przez Polish przez Polish poprzez From po- + przez.
köken: From Proto-Finnic *kautta, the partitive singular of kausi; the adpositions are derived through an older meaning of “road, way” or “passage (of a journey)”.
according to, in accordance with, conformably to, pursuant to, per · along (in the direction of)
köken: Etymology tree German lautbor. Yiddish לויט (loyt)bor. Esperanto laŭ Borrowed from German laut and Yiddish לויט (loyt). First attested in 1887. Doublet of laŭta.