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•hardly, barely

Diğer Dillerde

Almancakaum , nur /kaʊ̯m/

barely, hardly (qualifying verbs or adjectives) · barely any, almost no (qualifying amounts) · difficult, nearly impossible

eş: wenig, schwerlich

köken: From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”). Cognate with English comely and archaic Dutch kuim (“barely”).

Ich kann das kaum lesen.

Die Handschrift ist kaum lesbar.

Wir haben kaum noch Geld.

Fransızcaà peine , guère , ne...que , que , seulement /a pɛn/

barely, scarcely, hardly

eş: juste, en tout et pour tout, rien que, seulement, ne pas faire semblant, énormément

köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. Compare Italian appena, etc.

Il y a à peine trente personnes au concert ce soir.

À peine avait-il achevé ces paroles qu'une voiture s'arrêta devant la porte.

Nous avons à peine fait connaissance.

İspanyolcaa duras penas , apenas , solamente , sólo /a ˌduɾas ˈpenas/

barely, hardly; with great effort or difficulty

İtalyancaappena /apˈpe.na/

barely, hardly · just, recently, newly · as soon as

eş: a fatica, a mala pena, a stento, con difficoltà, faticosamente, stentatamente

köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + pena (“pain, trouble”). Compare French à peine, Spanish apenas, etc.

Ti si sente appena con tutto questo baccano.

È appena arrivata, dalle un po' di tempo per riposarsi.

Vi risponderemo (non) appena possibile.

Rusçaедва́, е́ле , лишь , то́лько /lʲiʂ/

only, merely, just · as soon as

eş: только, всего, единственно, исключительно, лишь только, только

köken: Old East Slavic лише (liše), originally comparative form of лихъ (lixŭ, “bad”). Compare with Ukrainian лише́ (lyšé), лишень (lyšenʹ) and лиш (lyš), Carpathian Rusyn лиш (lyš).

aile: всего лишь, лишь бы, лишь только, только лишь

лишь бы

лишь то́лько

Azericeancaq , təkcə /ˈɑnd͡ʒɑχ/

only

köken: Cognate with Turkish ancak, Crimean Tatar ancaq.

Mən yazılarımı ancaq elə bir adama oxuyaram ki, başında ağlı ola, qəlbində aramı.

Felemenkçenauwelijks /ˈnɑu̯.ə.ləks/

hardly, barely

eş: amper, ternauwernood

köken: From Middle Dutch nauwelike. Equivalent to nauw + -lijks.

Portekizcemal , quase não /ˈmaw/

badly (in a faulty, dysfunctional or incorrect manner) · hardly; barely · wrong (incorrect)

çekim: çoğul males

eş: escassamente, insatisfatoriamente, pouco, custosamente, precariamente, equivocadamente

köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese mal, from Latin male (“badly; wrongly”).

O carro está a funcionar/funcionando bem mal.

(O) João fala inglês mal.

Ele mal consegue estudar com todo este barulho.

Japoncaしか , だけ /ɕi̥ka̠/

nothing but, only · Used to express one's desire.

köken: By surface analysis, し (shi) + か (ka).

頑張るしかない。

品質が高すぎて本物にしか見えない。

曖昧にしか語らなかった

Korece거의 /kʌ̹ɰi/

almost, nearly

köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᅀᅴ (Yale: kezuy).

손님은 거의가 오셨습니다.

내 동생은 퇴근을 하면 남은 시간의 거의를 공부를 하는 데 쓰더라.

İsveççeknappast , knappt , näppeligen

predicative superlative degree of knapp

Det är knappast hans fel

Lehçeledwo /ˈlɛ.dvɔ/

barely, hardly · recently, lately, newly, freshly, just

eş: ledwie, zaledwie, z ledwością, z biedą, na styk, ledwie

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *edъvà Old Polish ledwo Polish ledwo Inherited from Old Polish ledwo, from Proto-Slavic *edъvà.

Ukraynacaле́две , ледь /ɫɛdʲ/

Barely, hardly. · Almost, nearly. · As soon as

Вона́ ледь змогла́ заве́ршити це завда́ння.

Дої́ж свій суп, він ледь те́плий!

Обере́жніше! Ти ледь мене́ не вбив!

Hintçeथोड़े /t̪ʰoː.ɽeː/

inflection of थोड़ा (thoṛā): · direct/oblique/vocative masculine plural

Fincehädin tuskin , töin tuskin , tuskin /ˈhædin ˈtuskin/

hardly, barely

Çekçesotva , stěží /ˈsotva/

hardly (barely, only just)

eş: stěží, taktak, těžko, ledva, bodej

köken: Inherited from Old Czech sotva. From sotně inspired by ledva.

Rumenceabia , doar , numai /aˈbja/

hardly, barely (with difficulty) · hardly, barely, scarcely (in a very small measure) · only, just (no more than)

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Vulgar Latin ad Proto-Indo-European *weyk- Proto-Italic *wiks Vulgar Latin vix Vulgar Latin *ad vix Romanian abi Romanian abia Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad vix, from ad + vix. The original form was abi, a variant found in some dialects; the final -a was added by analogy with adverbs like aci(a), aiure(a), acole(a). This suffixation…

aile: abia aștepta, de-abia

седерепᲄᲂуⷧ҇а҆бїасеспⷭ҇ъще. е҆некᲂураᲄᲂуⷧ҇шипъкъᲅосᲂуⷧ҇. ю҆ѡ҆̀севорꙋиви.

Шѝ а҆̀чѣс̾тѣ зикъ́нд̾, а҆биѧ̀ ѡ҆прн́рѫ премꙋлци́ме съ нꙋ фа́кѫ лꙋи жръ́твѫ.

Абі̆а аm пᲈtᲈt tіndе mъnа ка sъ sᲈn.

Macarcaalig , aligha , bajosan , csak , csupán , mindössze /ˈɒliɡ/

barely, hardly, scarcely

köken: Lexicalization of al (“lower part”) + -ig (terminative case suffix).

aile: alig-alig, aligha, alighogy, alig áll a lábán, alig vár

İbraniceבקושי

Latincehaud , vix /ˈhau̯d/

scarcely; hardly; by no means; not; not at all

köken: Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Cornish gow (“lie”).