köken: From Middle Dutch banghe, from be- + anghe. The latter word is an adverbial form of enge (“narrow, confined”), compare angst (“fear”). See also Middle Low German bange, Middle High German bange, German bang, West Frisian bang.
passive perfect participle of τρομάζω (tromázo): frightened, scared, spooked
köken: Passive perfect participle of τρομάζω (tromázo), a verb without passive forms. The ancient mediopassive participle of verb τρομέω (troméō, “tremble”) was τρομευμένος (tromeuménos).
frightening, scary, terrifying · frightened, scared, afraid · creepy for its mysterious ability
köken: Semantic shift from Classical Japanese 強(こは)し (kofashi, “stiff, strong, tough”), modern 強(こわ)い (kowai). A folk etymology from the Ehon Hyaku Monogatari derives it from 狐(こ)者(わ)異(い) (kowai, literally “ghost of a glutton”).
afraid, scared · afraid (as an apologetic introduction and the like) · caring (taking good care of something/someone, striving to avoid harm to something/someone)
çekim: karşılaştırma räddare · üstünlük räddast
köken: From Old Swedish rǣdder, from the past participle of Old Swedish rǣþa (“to frighten”), from Old Norse hræða (past participle hræddr), from Proto-Germanic *hrēdijaną.
afraid, scared (in the mental state typical of fear)
köken: Originally a reduced form of *bailu, a u-stem parallel form to the archaic singular form baile of bailes “fear” (cf. Lithuanian bailùs (“afraid”)).