köken: Borrowed from Middle Low German kerl, from Old Saxon *keril, from Proto-West Germanic *karil. Cognate with Old High German karal. Akin to Dutch kerel, English churl, Old Norse karl, Danish karl.
eş: abruti, ballot, bête, bêta, bête à bouffer du foin, bête à manger du foin
köken: From Old French idiot (cf. also the older form idiote), borrowed from Latin idiōta, from Ancient Greek ἰδιώτης (idiṓtēs, “layman”) from ἴδιος (ídios, “private”).
köken: Inherited from Latin bubulcus (“herdsman”). For the /-f-/, compare gufo < būbō (“owl”), bufalo < būbalus (“buffalo”), and also tartufo < terrae tūber. Osco-Umbrian origin has been proposed, which might also explain the /-i-/: compare Volscian bim (“ox”).
aile: bifolca, bifolcheria
Rusçaгрубия́н, жлоб, мужла́н, о́лух, тупи́ца, хам /ʐɫop/
schlub · greedy, avaricious person · any large, burly man, often a bodybuilder
çekim: çoğul жлобы́ · tamlayan жлоба́
eş: грубиян, деревенщина, наглец, невежа, невежда, хам
köken: From Yiddish זשלאָב (zhlob, “goyish bumpkin, redneck”), derived from Polish żłób (“manger, furrow”), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *žȇlbъ. Doublet of жёлоб (žólob, “trench, trough”), an inherited form. Originated in klezmer musician cant (Klezmer-loshn). The nature of the semantic shift from "manger, crib" to "boorish goy" remains unclear. By the year 1869 however, it had become common enough to…
köken: Unknown. First attested in the 20th century. * Bruckner suggests a derivation from bucefał; supprted by Karłowicz, Sławski, and Długosz-Kurczabowa. * Bańkowksi suggests a derivation from dialectal German *Bandspfahl, from Band (“bonds”) + Pfahl (“pole”).