also, too, as well (in addition to whatever or whoever has previously been listed) · Used for emphasis. · To ask for confirmation of something one considers necessary.
eş: außerdem, des Weiteren, desgleichen, ebenfalls, ebenso, ferner
köken: From Middle High German ouch, from Old High German ouh, from Proto-Germanic *auk. Cognate with Dutch ook (“also”), Low German ook (“also”), West Frisian ek (“also, too”), Luxembourgish och (“also”), Swedish och (“and”), Icelandic og (“and”), Danish og (“and”), and archaic English eke (“also”).
köken: Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭯 (ʾywp /ayāb/) / 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫁 (ʾyʾb /ayāb/). Cognate with Parthian 𐫀𐫃𐫀𐫖 (ʾgʾm /āgām/). Further etymology unclear; not found in Old Persian.
امروز یا فردا میروید؟
امرو یا فردا میرین؟
عزم دیدار تو دارد جانِ بر لب آمده باز گردد یا برآید؟ چیست فرمان شما؟
köken: Compare to equivalent conjunctions/determiners with similar functions: Tatar әллә (ällä), Kazakh әлде (älde), Kyrgyz алда (alda); also a component in indefinite pronouns: Uzbek allakim (“somebody”), Uyghur ئەللىكىم (ellikim, “somebody”).
or (connects at least two alternative words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc. each of which could make a passage true) · or (connects two equivalent names)
çekim: çoğul ous
eş: isto é
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ou, from Latin aut.
interrogative particle: introduces a question · if, whether
köken: Inherited from Old Ruthenian чи (či), from Old East Slavic чи (či), from Proto-Slavic *či, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-.
neither, not ... either (also not) · Used to emphasize lack of alternatives. · Used to soften a question, e.g. when the speaker is asking to be reminded of something, or when the speaker is seeking agreement or confirmation.
zıt: -kin
köken: According to Hakulinen, from earlier *-kahan, composed of -ka (as seen in joka and kuka) and -han, and why the particle is restricted to contexts with negative polarity is not clear. Räisänen (1996) presents an alternative etymology, in which the particle originates from the partitive forms of indefinite pronouns like ketään, mitään, in which it is developed from a reduction of -ka through…