köken: 15th-century relatinisation of Middle High German slave, sklafe, from Medieval Latin sclavus, from Late Latin Sclavus, from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos); see that Greek entry and slave for more. Doublet of Slawe and ciao.
köken: Inherited from Middle French and Old French esclave, a borrowing from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave”), from Late Latin Sclavus (“Slav”). Doublet of slave.
köken: Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kul. Cognates with Azerbaijani qul, Bashkir ҡол (qol), Kazakh құл (qūl), Southern Altai кул (kul), Tatar кол (qol), Turkish kul, Turkmen gul, Uzbek qul.
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”); Kazakh құл (qūl), Kyrgyz кул (kul), Southern Altai кул (kul), Bashkir ҡол (qol), Uzbek qul, Khakas хул (xul), Turkish kul (“slave”), etc.
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”); Kazakh құл (qūl), Kyrgyz кул (kul), Southern Altai кул (kul), Uyghur قۇل (qul), Uzbek qul, Khakas хул (xul), Turkish kul (“slave”), etc.
female equivalent of niewolnik (“slave”) (person who has no power of resistance to something, one who surrenders to or is under the domination of something)
çekim: çoğul niewolnice · tamlayan niewolnicy
eş: poddana
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *ne- Proto-Indo-European *wolh₁-yeh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáljāˀ Proto-Slavic *voľa Proto-Slavic *nevoľa Polish niewola Proto-Slavic *-ьnica Old Polish -nica Polish -nica Polish niewolnica From niewola + -nica.
köken: Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic робъ (robŭ), from Proto-Slavic *orbъ (“slave”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Doublet of orb, which was inherited from Latin.