köken: From Middle High German gemeinde, from Old High German gemeinida, probably from Proto-Germanic (though the exact formations vary among and within the later languages), from *gamainiz (“shared, communal”) or *gamainijaną (“to share”) + *-iþō; specifically as gemein (“common”) + -de. Compare Old High German gimeinî, Hunsrik Gemeind, Luxembourgish Gemeng, Dutch gemeente, Old Saxon gimēntha…
köken: Inherited from Middle French bourg, from Old French borc, burg, a borrowing from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”). Cognate with English borough and burg.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-der. Proto-Italic *keiwis Latin ceivis Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *-tāts Latin -tās Latin ceivitās Latin cīvitātem Old Spanish cibdat Spanish ciudad Inherited from Old Spanish cibdat, from Latin cīvitātem. Compare Ladino sivdad, English city.
aile: ciudad deportiva, ciudad dormitorio, ciudad estado, Ciudad Eva Perón, Ciudad Evita, ciudad fantasma, ciudad federal, ciudad hermana, ciudad inteligente, ciudad morena
köken: Inherited from Chagatai شهر (šhr), from Classical Persian شهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /šahr/), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Cognate with Uyghur شەھەر / sheher / шәһәр.
köken: From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”). Cognate with Bashkir ҡала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese vila (“village”), from Latin villa (“country house”). Cognate with Galician vila, Spanish and Italian villa, and French ville.
aile: Vila de Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Vila do Conde, Vila Franca, Vila Nova, Vila Real, vilazinha, vilinha
Exemplo 20 pessoas. — 20 ilçesi vardır.
Assim fallavam alguns indivíduos pertencentes a diversas cathegorias da pequena sociedade da villa de X*** […]
village, hamlet, usually in rural surroundings · the office of a local magistrate
eş: 촌락, 촌, 동네, 동리
köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆶ (Yale: mòzòlh). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.
town, city (larger settlement with significant amenities)
çekim: çoğul kaupungit · tamlayan kaupungin
köken: Borrowed from Old Gutnish kaupungr (“marketplace”), from Old Norse kaupangr (whence also Swedish köping); ultimately derived from the same root as kauppa.
town (esp. of towns other than Rome, which was generally called Urbs)
çekim: çoğul oppida · tamlayan oppidī
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi Proto-Indo-European *ped-o-m Proto-Italic *op(i)-pedom Latin oppidum Inherited from Proto-Italic *op(i)-pedom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi + *ped-o-m (“ground, place where one stands”, literally “what one steps on, footstep”). Compare this formation especially to Ancient Greek ἐπί-πεδος…
city, · the second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia · urbs (walled city)
çekim: çoğul kota-kota
köken: From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”). * The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente. * Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
aile: berkota, kekota-kotaan, kekotaan, mengota, mengotai, pengotaan, perkotaan, ibu kota, negara kota, wali kota