köken: From Middle High German gemeinde, from Old High German gemeinida, probably from Proto-Germanic (though the exact formations vary among and within the later languages), from *gamainiz (“shared, communal”) or *gamainijaną (“to share”) + *-iþō; specifically as gemein (“common”) + -de. Compare Old High German gimeinî, Hunsrik Gemeind, Luxembourgish Gemeng, Dutch gemeente, Old Saxon gimēntha…
köken: Inherited from Middle French bourg, from Old French borc, burg, a borrowing from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”). Cognate with English borough and burg.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-der. Proto-Italic *keiwis Latin ceivis Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *-tāts Latin -tās Latin ceivitās Latin cīvitātem Old Spanish cibdat Spanish ciudad Inherited from Old Spanish cibdat, from Latin cīvitātem. Compare Ladino sivdad, English city.
aile: ciudad deportiva, ciudad dormitorio, ciudad estado, Ciudad Eva Perón, Ciudad Evita, ciudad fantasma, ciudad federal, ciudad hermana, ciudad inteligente, ciudad morena
hail · deluge, hail, shower (overwhelming flow or barrage of something)
çekim: tamlayan гра́да
eş: поток, наплыв, лавина
köken: From Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ. Cognate with Lithuanian gruodas (Proto-Balto-Slavic *grōda-), Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrādúni, “hail”) and possibly with English grind.
köken: Inherited from Chagatai شهر (šhr), from Classical Persian شهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /šahr/), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Cognate with Uyghur شەھەر / sheher / шәһәр.
köken: From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”). Cognate with Bashkir ҡала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.
köken: From Persian شهر (šahr). Cognates include Kazakh шаһар (şahar), Uzbek shahar, Turkmen şäher, Azerbaijani şəhər, Karachay-Balkar шахар (şaxar), Kumyk шагьар (şahar), Turkish şehir, Uyghur شەھەر (sheher).
aile: шаардык, шаарча, шаардаштыруу
Алты шаарда 1-класска электрондук каттоо системасы менен кабыл алуу башталды.
köken: From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”). Cognate with Tatar кала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.
village, hamlet, usually in rural surroundings · the office of a local magistrate
eş: 촌락, 촌, 동네, 동리
köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆶ (Yale: mòzòlh). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.
town, city (larger settlement with significant amenities)
çekim: çoğul kaupungit · tamlayan kaupungin
köken: Borrowed from Old Gutnish kaupungr (“marketplace”), from Old Norse kaupangr (whence also Swedish köping); ultimately derived from the same root as kauppa.