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Almancaob /ɔp/

Introduces an indirect question, a doubt. if, whether. · if, in case

çekim: çoğul OBs · tamlayan OBs

eş: obgleich, obschon, obwohl, obzwar

köken: From Middle High German obe, ob, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”). Compare English if.

ob ... oder

Ich weiß nicht, ob sie krank ist.

Hast du sie gefragt, ob sie kommt?

Fransızcaque , si , soit /kə/

that (introduces a subordinate noun clause and connects it to its parent clause) · Substitutes for another, previously stated conjunction. · when, no sooner

köken: Inherited from Latin quid, usurping some of the roles of Latin quod.

aile: parce que, que de, bien que

Je vois que tu parles bien français.

Si on s'en allait tout là-haut, si on prenait de la hauteur, tu verrais que le monde est beau, beau.

Si le temps est beau et que tout le monde est d'accord, nous mangerons en plein air.

İspanyolcasi (eril)

abbreviation of Sinaloa: a state of Mexico

aile: apenas si, como si, cual si, por si, que si, si bien, si Dios lo quiere, si eso, si la mirada matara, si lo sabré yo

¿¡(Pero) a dónde va este!? ¡Si la carretera está cerrada!

"¿Cómo fue el concierto?" "(Pero) si es mañana..."

"Voy a salir." "¡Pero si estás malo! ¿¡Cómo vas a salir!?" (can be rephrased as "¿¡Cómo vas a salir si estás malo!?", which uses sense 1)

İtalyancase

abbreviation of sudest; southeast

eş: nel caso, nell’eventualità che, nell'eventualità in cui, qualora, dal momento che, dato che

köken: From Latin sī (“if”) or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").

aile: se non, se non che

Se non è vero, è ben trovato.

Rusçaи́ли , и́ли ... и́ли , ли /lʲi/

Do/does/did...? Is/are/was/were...?

eş: или, али, иль, аль

köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *li.

Зна́ете ли вы?

Хорошо́ ли ему́?

Отпра́вил ли я письмо́?

Arapçaهَلْ

Farsçaکه آیا

Felemenkçeof /ɔf/

whether, if · either ... or · whether ... or

eş: oftewel, ongeveer

köken: From Middle Dutch of, ofte. In Middle Dutch the two words merged; the form of derives from Old Dutch of, from Proto-Germanic *jabai.

aile: ofwel

Wil je thee, of heb je liever koffie?

Ik weet niet of dat wel zo'n goed idee is.

Je kan kiezen: of je bent stil, of je vertrekt.

Portekizcese (eril)

abbreviation of Sergipe: a state of Brazil

Ela se viu no espelho.

Eu acordei e se vesti.

Quando eles se conheceram?

Japoncaかどうか , か否か

whether or not

彼が時間通り来るかどうか分からない。

Korece-지 , -지 어떤지

In the intimate style, a general-purpose sentence-final suffix with a more affirmative sense than -어 (-eo): · right?; in the interrogative mood, used to request confirmation about something one believes. · In the imperative mood, used to soften orders and make them more indirect.

köken: Palatalized from earlier -디 (Yale: -ti), short for Middle Korean -디〮ᄫᅵ〮 (Yale: -tíWí, contrastive suffix). Compare Hamgyong Korean -지비 (-jibi), which has the most conservative form of this morpheme; Gyeongsang Korean -재 (-jae) may also be a non-shortened form of -디〮ᄫᅵ〮 (Yale: -tíWí), via Early Modern Korean -지웨 (-ciwey). Sentence-final use appears in the eighteenth century, arising from an…

나는 애국자이지 민족주의자는 아닙니다.

우리는 반려견을 가족처럼 생각해. — 개가 동물이지 어떻게 사람이냐?

죽었으면 죽었지 살아있을 리가 없다.

İsveççehuruvida , om

whether (if (in indirect questions))

köken: huru + vida

Lehçeczy , czy ... czy /ˈt͡ʂɘ/

interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question, often omitted; whether

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *kʷí- Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁ Proto-Slavic *či Old Polish czy Polish czy Inherited from Old Polish czy.

Czy ten pan jest z Anglii? Tak, ten pan jest z Anglii.

Hintçeकि /kɪ/

that

köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian کِه (ki). Compare Gujarati કે (ke), Marathi की (kī), Punjabi ਕਿ (ki).

मुझे मालूम नहीं था कि तुम्हें मराठी आती है।

Fince-ko

In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English. · With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses "I wonder if". · With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses "I suppose".

köken: From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.

Onko hän täällä? (on > + -ko)

Täälläkö hän on? (täällä + -kö)

Tuleeko hän laivalla? (tulee > + -ko)

Çekçezda , zdali /ˈzda/

whether, if (in indirect questions) · whether, if (either)

eş: zdali, zdaž

köken: Inherited from Old Czech zda(li), za(li). Unclear, probably from za.

Nevíš, zda přijde?

Rumencedacă /ˈda.kə/

whether

çekim: tamlayan dace

köken: From earlier deacă, probably from Latin de quod.

aile: chiar dacă, dacă și numai dacă

Macarca-e , (vajon) -e , vajon /ɛ/

Possessive (and genitive) suffix: · …-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession) · …-s’, of …-s (third-person plural, single possession)

köken: * From e (“this”). * From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ë (interrogative particle).

Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el.

Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád.

jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)

İbraniceאם , באם (dişil) /ˈʔeːm/

mother (a female parent, especially of a human; a female who parents a child (which she has given birth to, adopted, guardian to, or fostered)) · mother, feminine originator or codifier (as in "the mother of all battles")

çekim: çoğul אימהות

eş: אִמָּא

köken: From Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-.

aile: אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ, אַמְנוּן, אֵם קְרִיאָה, שְׂפַת אֵם

וַתֵּלֶךְ הָעַלְמָה וַתִּקְרָא אֶת אֵם הַיָּלֶד

Latinceutrum /ˈʊ.trũː/

whether

köken: Adverbial accusative of uter, used as a conjunction.

Quarto, utrum solum debuerit docere verbo, vel etiam scripto.

Dancahvorvidt , om

whether (used to introduce a clause that contains an indirect question, or that expresses uncertainty or doubt)

köken: From hvor + vidt. Compare Swedish huruvida.

Norveççehvorvidt , om

Endonezcekalau /ˈkalau̯/

if (supposing that) · when

köken: Inherited from Malay kalau. From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “occasion, circumstance, time”) and Arabic لَوْ (law, “if”).

Vietnamcabut see là , dù ... hay , mới , thì /məːj˧˦/

new (recently made or created)

zıt: cũ

köken: From Proto-Vietic *ɓəːjʔ. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] bəːj³. Unrelated to Thai ใหม่ (mài) or Khmer ថ្មី (thməy).

aile: có mới nới cũ, đổi mới, lính mới, mới cáu, mới cóng, mới coong, mới cứng, mới đầu, mới keng, mới lạ

Bulgarcaдали́

Slovakçači /ˈt͡ʃi/

if, whether

köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *kʷí- Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁ Proto-Slavic *či Slovak či Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či.

Katalancasi /si/

si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

çekim: çoğul sis

köken: From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).

Galceai /ai̯/

interrogative particle (used when a non-verbal element is fronted for emphasis) · whether, if (used when the subordinate clause has a non-verbal element fronted for emphasis)

köken: May derive from a (interrogative particle) + yw (“is, are”) or from or via the synonymous ae.

Ai ef yw dy dad?

Ni wn ai ef yw dy dad.

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