köken: From Middle High German būwen, from Old High German būan, from Proto-West Germanic *būan, from Proto-Germanic *būaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt, the athematic root aorist of the root *bʰuH-.
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese arar, from Latin arāre, from Proto-Italic *araō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti (“to plough”), from the root *h₂erh₃-.
köken: First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (Yale: kòl-tá), probably from pre-MK *; see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions#/l/ and /ɾ/ merger. Manchu ᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (halambi, “to change, to replace”) is probably borrowed from Koreanic in ancient times.
to farm, till (to work or cultivate or plough soil; to prepare for growing vegetation and crops) · to educate · to do (to carry out something harmful, inappropriate, undesirable)
çekim: geçmiş műveltek
köken: From mű (“work, the result of work”) + -el (verb-forming suffix).
to plough, to plow, to till (to turn up and break soil with a plough or other tool before sowing) · to till, to cultivate (to work land in preparation for crops) · to work hard, to toil (to work heavily or laboriously)
çekim: geçmiş none · ortaç ора́н · şimdiki оре́ · ulaç оря́щ
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ye-tider. Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei Proto-Slavic *orti Proto-Slavic *orati Old Church Slavonic орати (orati) Bulgarian ора Inherited from Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), from Proto-Slavic *orati. Compare Latin arō, Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Old Norse erja and Welsh aredig.
to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)
çekim: geçmiş aru · ortaç arts · şimdiki ar
köken: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more. Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти…
to plow/plough (to use a plow/plough to open furrows)
çekim: geçmiş arei · ortaç arado
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese arar, from Latin arāre, from Proto-Italic *araō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti (“to plough”), from the root *h₂erh₃-.
köken: From Proto-Albanian *meik-sko, from Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”) (cognate with Ancient Greek μείξω (meíxō, “mix, mingle”), Latin misceō (“mix”), Old High German miskan (“mix”)), or alternatively from Proto-Albanian *smeid-sko, from Proto-Indo-European *smēy-, *smī- (“to cut, hew”), in which case cognate with Proto-Germanic *smiþaz (“arranger, smith”) (English smith).