köken: Inherited from Middle Dutch coninginne, inherited from Old Dutch kuninginna. By surface analysis, koning (“king”) + -in (nominal feminine suffix).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der. Proto-Germanic *karaz Proto-Germanic *karilazder. Old High German Karlder. Proto-Slavic *kõrľь Old Polish król ▲ English kingsl. ▲ French roisl. ▲ German Königsl. Polish król Old Polish -owy Old Polish -owa Polish -owa Polish królowa From król + -owa.
köken: kuningas (“king”) + -tar (“-ess”). Coined by Finnish explorer, historian and author Carl Axel Gottlund in 1828. The cooking sense originally from kuningatarhillo, making it a semantic loan from Swedish drottning (from drottningsylt)
köken: Uncertain, though clearly related to rēx (“king”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to rule”). It may derive from an adjective *reg-īno- (“regal, meant for the king”). Sihler instead connects the term with *h₃rḗǵnih₂, which—according to Sihler—perhaps yielded Proto-Italic *rēgnī-, which itself was perhaps remodeled into *rēgnīā according to the model of terms such as avia. Sihler further…
queen (a female monarch) · queen (the wife or widow of a king) · queen (a person who is leading in a certain area)
çekim: çoğul dronninger · tamlayan dronnings
köken: From Old Danish drotning, from Old Norse dróttning (“mistress, queen”), cognate with Swedish drottning. Derived from dróttinn (“lord, leader”) (Danish drot).
köken: From Malay permaisuri, from Classical Malay permaisuri, from Tamil பரமேஸ்வரி (paramēsvari), from Sanskrit परमेश्वरी (parameśvarī, “supreme lady”). Compare to Javanese ꦥꦿꦩꦺꦱ꧀ꦮꦫꦶ (praméswari, “queen”), Old Javanese pramiswari (“queen”).
princess, daughter of a monarch (king, emperor) · princess, daughter of a shogun
köken: Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 公主 (SV: công chủ). In sense 2, a semantic loan from English princess, which itself is a semantic loan from Japanese 姫 (hime, “lady; princess”), whose graphic origin is the graph of Chinese 姬 (“'lady' ← 'ancestral surname of the Zhou monarchs & patrilineally related nobles'”).