köken: From Middle High German veste, from Old High German festī. Equivalent to fest (“fast, secure”) + -e (“-th, -ness”), compare similar English fastness.
Das organisierte Verbrechen bedroht den Rechtsstaat bis in die Festen.
köken: Inherited from Middle French ciel, from Old French ciel, from Latin caelum, from Proto-Italic *kailom, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i-.
aile: à ciel ouvert, aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera, aiguilleur du ciel, au nom du ciel, bleu ciel, dieux du ciel, don du ciel, Fils du Ciel, goûter le ciel, juste ciel
köken: Inherited from Old Spanish cielo, from Latin caelum, from Proto-Italic *kailom, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i-.
aile: a cielo abierto, a cielo descubierto, árbol del cielo, arco del cielo, azul cielo, caído del cielo, cielo de la boca, cielo raso, clamar al cielo, como caído del cielo
eş: земля, суша, купол неба, небо, твердыня, твёрдость
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ, “citadel, base, firmament”) and archaic Bulgarian твърд (tvǎrd, “earth, sky, citadel, firmament”). Compare also твёрдый (tvjórdyj, “hard, firm”).
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kȫk (“blue, green, 'macro-blue'; sky”). In Ancient Turkic, this archetype seems to have had a wide semantics of "blue + green + similar shades", partially retained in modern languages.
firmament (vault or sphere of the heavens, seen as solid in older cosmologies; sky)
çekim: çoğul firmamenten
eş: hemel, uitspansel, zwerk, hemelboog, hemeldak
köken: From Middle Dutch firmament, from Latin firmāmentum, coined by Jerome in the Vulgate to render Ancient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “firm or solid structure”), which in turn translates Hebrew רקיע (“vault of heaven”).