barely, hardly · just, recently, newly · as soon as
eş: a fatica, a mala pena, a stento, con difficoltà, faticosamente, stentatamente
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *ad poenam. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + pena (“pain, trouble”). Compare French à peine, Spanish apenas, etc.
Ti si sente appena con tutto questo baccano.
È appena arrivata, dalle un po' di tempo per riposarsi.
Vi risponderemo (non) appena possibile.
Rusçaедва́, е́ле-е́ле, лишь, почти́, почти́ что, то́лько /lʲiʂ/
only, merely, just · as soon as
eş: только, всего, единственно, исключительно, лишь только, только
köken: Old East Slavic лише (liše), originally comparative form of лихъ (lixŭ, “bad”). Compare with Ukrainian лише́ (lyšé), лишень (lyšenʹ) and лиш (lyš), Carpathian Rusyn лиш (lyš).
aile: всего лишь, лишь бы, лишь только, только лишь
köken: Inconclusive. Whilst its current definition was long thought to have come from Indonesian hampir due to its exclusive presence in Dutch (and no other Germanic language), this would not explain its high and almost universal usage in Flemish. More likely would be if it originated on Dutch soil. In that case, the meaning would have changed somewhat from the earlier Middle Dutch amper (“sour”) –…
köken: Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”) (this is supported by Pokorny), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-) creates phonetic problems for the Latin. Neri (2007), following Vine, derives it Proto-Indo-European *p(e)-ai-ni- (“not entirely; from whom has been taken away; who takes away”), from *pe- (“away”) +…
köken: Inherited from Malay hampir, but inconclusive. * There is possibility that Malay hampir is a loanword from Dutch amper (“scarcely, barely”) as its high and almost universal usage in Flemish, in turn derived from Middle Dutch amper (“sour”), which had similar semantic development to German sehr (“very”) or Alemannic German rüüdig (“very”) and are cognates of Swedish amper and German Ampfer. *…