köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”), whence English root. Cognates include Latvian rads, Ukrainian рід (rid) and Polish ród amongst others.
tribe (cohesive group of people) · tribe (society larger than a band but smaller than a state) · tribe, subculture (portion of a culture distinguished by its customs)
çekim: çoğul tribos
köken: Learned borrowing from Latin tribus (“one of the three tribes of Rome”), from trēs (“three”).
kinsmen; relatives · race; nation; people (generally referring to Koreans)
eş: 민족
köken: First attested in the Samgang haengsildo (三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도), 1481, as Middle Korean 결에 (Yale: kyelGey), equivalent to 겯— (gyeot-, “to plait”) + —에 (-e). The sense of "nation-state" was a late nineteenth-century innovation inspired by the nationalistic desire of the Western term "nation".
tribe · a traditional historical and cultural subgroup of Finnic peoples (often within what is now considered the Finnish people); best translated as nation · family
çekim: çoğul heimot · tamlayan heimon
köken: From Proto-Finnic *haimo (compare Estonian hõim), borrowed from Proto-Baltic *šáimas (compare Latvian saime), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos, *tḱóymos.
Inherited from Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”). * The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.