from · of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below) · by (with passive voice)
köken: From Middle High German von(e) (“from”), from Old High German fon(a), alongside rarer northern fan(a). It is uncertain whether the High German o-vocalism continues an original Proto-Germanic *funē, comparable with Sanskrit पुनः- (punaḥ-), or whether it is an atonic alteration of Proto-West Germanic *fanā. In the latter case, possibly from Proto-Germanic *afa + *ana (equivalent to German ab + an).…
of (expresses belonging) · of (used to express property or association) · from (used to indicate origin)
çekim: çoğul dᵉˢ
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Old French de Middle French de French de Inherited from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.
Paris est la capitale de la France.
Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
of (in relation to) · of (forms compounds; often untranslated) · of; about (on the subject of)
eş: a respeito de, acerca de, sobre, como, pela, pelo
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Old Galician-Portuguese de Portuguese de Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Galician de.
O protesto de Hermione foi abafado por uma risadinha alta.
across (physically) · through (physically) · by (used in passive constructions)
eş: z powodu
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Balto-Slavic *per Proto-Slavic *per- Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰsder. Proto-Slavic *-zъ Proto-Slavic *perzъ Old Polish przez Polish przez Inherited from Old Polish przez.
if only · that (to the effect that) · while (whereas, despite the fact that)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Romanian de Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.
from, away from, out of · down from · (source of action or event) by, by means of
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Italic *ap Latin ab From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an…
Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.
property; belongings · given kind of food · such trash; such a good-for-nothing
köken: For similar grammaticalisations, compare Thai ของ (kɔ̌ɔng), Khmer របស់ (rɔɔrɔbɑh). The usage of this word as possessive marker is recent, as even texts as late as early 19th century show của being used exclusively as a noun meaning "belongings, property". There is no clear evidence if this is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of 具 (MC gjuH) (SV: cụ) or 貨 (MC xwaH) (SV: hoá), neither of which is…
aile: còn người là còn của, của ăn của để, của cải, của nả, phí của, tiếc của
used to indicate movement away from a position, from, away from, out of, off · used to indicate the position relative to which something is, from, on, of · used to show separation or removal, from
through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs · at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs · during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
köken: Inherited from Old Catalan per, from Latin per, appropriating the senses of Latin prō as well.
aile: per a, per a que, per ara, per caritat, per casualitat, per cent, per cert, per culpa de, per descomptat, per exemple
El meu germà anirà a Tahití per vacar a la platja.
used with bod to indicate possession · by (after a passive construction) · by, from (authorship)
köken: From Middle Welsh gan, can, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *gant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta. Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).
after (temporal; e.g., after Sunday) · after, in (temporal; e.g., after three days)
köken: From Old Norse eptir, eptr, from Proto-Germanic *aftiri (“more aft, further behind”), *after, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epóteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”).
aile: apa eftir, auglýsa eftir, á eftir, eftir sig, eftirherma, eftirlíking, eftirmynd, eftirnafn, líta eftir, vonast eftir
marks the core participant/s within a clause that is not otherwise focused using the case marker "ang", i.e.:
köken: From earlier nang, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *naN (indefinite object marker). See also ni and ang. The two-letter spelling originates in a now defunct Spanish language abbreviation convention of drawing a tilde over words with nasal sounds, in this case nang, later rendered variously as ng̃, ñg or n͠g. The complications of typing ⟨ñ⟩, ⟨g̃⟩ or any such combination with tilde using…
from · of, possessed by · done, written or composed by
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dēder. ▲ Latin dē Old French de Middle French de French deder. ▲ Latin dē Old Spanish de Spanish deder. Esperanto de From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.
aile: desuba
Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!
La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.
Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?