un- (denoting absence, a lack of; violative of; contrary to) · grave; bad; horrifying
köken: From Middle High German un-, from Old High German un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
🔊 un- + Ding (“thing”) → Unding (“something unacceptable”)
🔊 un- + Fall (“case, situation”) → Unfall (“accident”)
🔊 un- + Mensch (“human being”) → Unmensch (“brute, barbarian”)
anti-
eş: contra-, contre-, para-
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́) Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)lbor. French anti- Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-), from ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, from *h₂énts + *-i.
alternative form of en- used before b or p; em-
used to denote derivation · used as an intensifier
köken: From Latin in-, a prefixation of in (“in, into”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.
dis-, un- · -less
eş: бес-
köken: From Proto-Slavic *bez-.
aile: безавтоклавный, безатомный, безголосный, безлапый
🔊 без- (bez-) + дно (dno, “bottom surface”) → бе́здна (bézdna, “abyss; bottomless pit”)
🔊 без- (bez-) + поко́ить impf (pokóitʹ, “to rest”) → беспоко́ить impf (bespokóitʹ, “to disturb”)
without
köken: From earlier ابی (abê), from Middle Persian [script needed] (apē), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Compare Old Armenian ապա- (apa-), an Iranian borrowing.
aile: بیبیسی
un-, non-, in- · -less
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian ناـ (nā-).
🔊 na- + tamam (“complete”) → natamam (“incomplete”)
🔊 na- + ümid (“hope”) → naümid (“hopeless”)
un-, in- (expresses negation) · bad, grave, horrifying
köken: From Middle Dutch on-, from Old Dutch un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
aile: onaanvaardbaar, onafhankelijk, onbedoeld, onbegeleid, onbegrip, onbeheerst, onbekend, onbepaald, onbeweeglijkheid, onbezonnenheid
🔊 on- + mens (“human being”) → onmens (“brute, barbarian”)
🔊 on- + dier (“animal”) → ondier (“monster”)
🔊 on- + ding (“thing”) → onding (“something unacceptable, absurd”)
anti- · anti- (related to antiparticles or antimatter)
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́) Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der. Portuguese anti-
a-, an-, in-, un-, -less (Τhe alpha privative, privative a, alpha privativum, indicating an opposite or lacking sense)
köken: Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
🔊 α- (a-) + βάσιμος (vásimos, “reliable”) → αβάσιμος (avásimos, “unreliable”)
🔊 ά- (á-) + μέτρο (métro, “measure”) → άμετρος (ámetros, “countless”)
🔊 αν- (an-) + αλάτι (aláti, “salt”) → ανάλατος (análatos, “unsalted”)
anti-; against, opposite, protecting against
köken: From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).
dis-, un- · -less, -free
eş: a-, nie-
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰe Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ) Proto-Slavic *bez- Old Polish bez- Polish bez- Inherited from Old Polish bez-.
🔊 bez- + sens → bezsens
🔊 bez- + nadzieja → beznadziejny
🔊 bez- + gluten → bezglutenowy
Prefix to create a negative meaning: un-, non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-, mis-
köken: Prefix use of не (ne, “not”)
Indicates lack of something; -less, un-, in-, non-, -free.
zıt: -llinen
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin (compare Estonian -tu), from Proto-Uralic *-ktama (compare Northern Sami -heapme and Moksha -фтома (-ftoma), Erzya -(в)томо (-(v)tomo), Udmurt -тэм (-tem)).
🔊 aika (“time”) + -ton → ajaton (“timeless”)
🔊 järki (“sense”) + -ton → järjetön (“senseless”)
🔊 maku (“taste”) + -ton → mauton (“tasteless”)
used to negate verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Akin to un-, non-, im-, ir-
eş: a-, i-
köken: Prefix use of ne (“not”)
🔊 Mám hlad. (“I am hungry.”) → Nemám hlad.
pronunciation spelling of ia
-less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a word to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
🔊 fog (“tooth”) + -atlan → fogatlan (“toothless”)
🔊 tanul (“to study”) + -atlan → tanulatlan (“uneducated”)
un-, non-, not
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- From Proto-Italic *n̥-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *né (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.
aile: in- -is
in-, un-, non-; (prefix meaning not, reversing the meaning)
köken: From Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *né (“not”). Doublet of a-.
in-: used with certain words to reverse their meaning
köken: From Dutch in-, from French in-, from Latin in- (“un-, not”).
un-, in-, a-, non-, ir-: a prefix used to derive negative senses.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne Proto-Slavic *ne Old Church Slavonic не- (ne-) Bulgarian не- Inherited from Old Church Slavonic не- (ne-), from Proto-Slavic *ne.
forms negative verbs · gives a word a negative meaning denying the validity of the word's content
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne Proto-Slavic *ne Slovak ne- Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne.
🔊 jem (“I eat”) + ne- → nejem (“I don't eat”)
🔊 biely (“white”) + ne- → nebiely (“non-white”)
in-; un- (reversal of meaning or lack of an attribute)
köken: Borrowed from Latin in- (“un-, not”).