köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ Proto-Iranian *jawštā́ Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/) Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/) Persian دوست Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́,…
aile: دوست داشتن, دوستانه, دوستکام, دوستی
دوستان بین، کو نشان دوستان دوستان را رنج باشد همچو جان
dunking bread, dunked bread, sop (bread which is for or has been put into liquid food such as oil, salad, etc) · crap, rubbish, nonsense (anything meaningless)
çekim: çoğul παπάρες · tamlayan παπάρας
köken: Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاپاره (papara), from Proto-Slavic *popara (“scald”).
köken: Either a loan from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver, “friend, boyfriend”), or a blend of kamraati + toveri. The former of these is now considered more likely. The word is also attested in the sense “companion (in crime)”, so it may have originated in argot.