-ing; forms nouns from verbs, usually describing either an event in which an action is carried out, or the result of that action.
köken: From Middle High German -ung, -unge, from Old High German -unga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō. More at English -ing.
rechnen (“to reckon”) + -ung → die Rechnung (“the reckoning, the bill”)
entdecken (“to discover”) + -ung → die Entdeckung (“the discovery”)
erinnern (“to remind”) + -ung → die Erinnerung (“the reminder, the remembrance, the memory”)
Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X". · Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X". · Forming collective nouns.
eş: -ment
köken: Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.
Attached to the ends of verb infinitives to form nouns, meaning "the action or result of"; -ing, -ation
köken: From the Latin infinitive endings (-are, -ere, -ire). Used in Romanian with a verb to form the "long infinitive", which is a verbal noun. See also the short infinitive forms of Romanian verbs, -a, -ea, -e, and -i.
added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action · designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities
köken: From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.