socage · hard work, slavery
çekim: çoğul Fronen · tamlayan Fronen
eş: Fronarbeit, Frondienst
köken: From Middle High German vrōn(e) (“rule, lordship”), from vrōn (“holy”, literally “belonging to Gods”), from Old High German frōno (“(possession) of the gods”), genitive plural of frō (“Lord, God”), from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō.
corvee (labour due to a feudal lord; labour on roads) · drudgery; chore · fatigue; menial task
çekim: çoğul corvées
eş: besogne
köken: Inherited from Late Latin conrogāta [opera], from the feminine past participle of Latin conrogō.
aile: corvéable, corvée de bois, corvée de chiottes, corvée de glandes, corvée de pluches, corvéïeur
corvée
çekim: çoğul corveas
İtalyanca 🔊 servitù (dişil) /ser.viˈtu/ servitude, bondage
eş: dipendenza, giogo, oppressione, schiavitù, soggezione, sottomissione
köken: From older servitude, servitute, from Latin servitūtem (“slavery, servitude”), from servus (“slave, servant”).
corvee, forced unpaid labour
köken: Inherited from Middle Persian byk'l (/bēgār/, “corvee, forced labour”).
🔊 گفت عیسی یا رب این اسرار چیست میل این ابله درین بیگار چیست
the serfhood, slave-like status of serf
çekim: çoğul lijfeigenschappen
köken: From lijfeigen (“serf”) + -schap (“-ship, -hood”).
🔊 Tsaristisch Rusland was het laatste Europese land om de lijfeigenschap af te schaffen.
ocupação principal única, cuidadosa, num labor concreto por uma só pessoa
chore, task · fatigues (US), jankers (UK) · drudgery
çekim: çoğul αγγαρείες · tamlayan αγγαρείας
köken: From Koine Greek ἀγγαρεία (angareía).
serfdom
çekim: tamlayan livegenskaps
köken: livegen + -skap, from German Leibeigenschaft, used in Swedish since 1700.
serfdom · serfs
çekim: tamlayan кріпа́цтва
köken: From кріпа́к (kripák) + -цтво (-ctvo).
serfdom
çekim: çoğul maaorjuudet · tamlayan maaorjuuden
köken: maa + orjuus
Çekçe 🔊 robota (dişil) /ˈrobota/ serfdom, villeinage · corvee · any arduous work; drudgery, grind, slog
çekim: çoğul roboty · tamlayan roboty
eş: dřina, lopota
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas Proto-Slavic *orbъ Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *orbiti Proto-Indo-European *-otéh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ Proto-Slavic *-ota Proto-Slavic *orbota Old Czech robota Czech robota…
aile: robot, robotník, robotovat
serfdom, corvee (feudal system that includes serfs) · serfdom, corvee (state of being a serf) · serfdom, corvee (unpaid labor required by a feudal lord)
çekim: çoğul jobbágyságok
köken: From jobbágy (“serf”) + -ság (-ness).
work, pains, exertion, effort, labour · service, rendering of a service · (especially with dō) care, attention, exertion bestowed on something (or someone, especially a teacher)
çekim: çoğul operae · tamlayan operae
köken: From opus, operis n (“work”), via reinterpretation of its nominative plural form as a feminine singular noun.
aile: opella, operae prētium, operor, operōsus
🔊 operae non est (+ infinitive)
🔊 […] nec hōc tempore sine hominum operā aut pāscere eās aut domāre aut tuērī aut tempestīvōs frūctūs ex iīs capere possēmus
🔊 […] Cn. Pūpium, quī est in operīs eius societātis […]
corvee: unpaid labor required by a feudal lord
çekim: çoğul kerja-kerja paksa
köken: Compound of kerja (“work”) + paksa (“forced”).
a team of oxen · corvee · drudgery
çekim: çoğul joves
köken: Inherited from Latin juga, plural of jugum (“yoke”).
aile: jovada
corvee · task, work, business
çekim: çoğul angueiras
köken: From Late Latin angaria (“corvee”), from Ancient Greek ἀγγαρία (angaría, “service”). Cognate with Greek αγγαρεία (angareía).
slavery, bondage; servitude, oppression · alternative form of daoire (“dearness, costliness”)
çekim: tamlayan na daoirse
köken: From Old Irish doíre (“captivity, slavery, bondage”), possibly altered through analogy with saoirse (“freedom, liberty”).
curved, crooked
çekim: üstünlük ամենակոռ
köken: Probably of the same origin as Old Armenian կոր (kor).